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Surgical Nursing
Intraoperative Considerations and Patient Monitoring
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pulse Deficit | The difference between the apical pulse (that heard over the heart with a stethoscope) and the arterial pulse |
| Cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by excessive concentration or reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
| Pulse Strength | The ease or difficulty of palpating the blood flowing through the artery; general indicator of the blood pressure |
| Dissociative Anesthetic | A class of anesthetic agent that causes a disruption of the nerve transmission in some parts of the brain and elective stimulation in others; this combination of actions causes the animal to appear awake but immobile and unaware of its surroundings |
| Dissociative Anesthesia | Loss of perception of certain stimuli while that of others remains intact |
| Agonal Breathing | The spasmodic opening of the mouth with contraction of the diaphragm usually associated with death; no respiration is taking place |
| Pulse Oximetry | An instrument that measures pulse rate and the percentage of oxygenated and reduced hemoglobin |
| Supination | To rotate the forearm to bring the palm face upward |
| Pronation | The rotation of the hand and forearm so that the palm faces backward or downward |
| Hemostasis | The arrest of bleeding by either natural (clot formation) or artificial (compression or ligation) means |
| Bone Wax/ Bone Sealant | A composition of beeswax and isopropyl palmitate used to seal the cut end of bone; a poorly absorbed product that should be used sparingly |
| Fenestration | An opening in a surface |
| Fenestrated | To have one or more window-like openings |
| Laparotomy | Flank incision into the abdominal cavity; sometimes used interchangeably with celiotomy |
| Lavage | To wash out or irrigate |
| Dehiscence | Splitting open; the breakdown of a surgical incision such that the tissue layers separate from each other |
| Evisceration | Extrusion of the viscera or internal organs |
| Ileus | Functional obstruction of the intestines or failure of peristalsis; partial or complete nontechnical blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
| Celiotomy | Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity |
| Plication | Pleating or folding |
| Gastrotomy | The creation of an opening into the stomach (an incision) |
| Neoplasia | The formation of abnormal growth |
| Trichobezoar | Hair ball |
| Pica | Craving for unnatural articles of food; can lead to gastric foreign bodies |
| Peritonitis | An inflammatory process that involves the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity |
| Enterotomy | Incision of the intestine |
| Anastomosis | Surgical, traumatic, or pathologic formation of a connection between two normally distinct structures |
| Intussusception | Prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjacent part, causing intestinal obstruction |
| Ischemia | Deficiency of blood in a part |
| Abdominocentesis | Puncture and aspiration of the abdominal cavity |
| Ligate | To tie off or constrict blood vessels or tissue |
| Stenosis | Narrowing or contraction of a body passage or opening |
| Volvulus | Rotation of an organ |
| Aerophagia | Habitual swallowing of air |
| Percutaneous | Performed through the skin |
| Trocar | A sharp, pointed, needlelike instrument equipped with a cannula; used to puncture the wall of a body cavity and withdraw fluid or gas |
| Gastrectomy | Excision of the stomach or a portion of the stomach |
| Splenectomy | Excision of the spleen |
| Gastropexy | Surgical fixation of the stomach; often used to prevent further occurrence of GDV |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the lining of the stomach |
| Herniation | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening |
| Nosocomial Infection | Infection acquired during hospitalization or during attendance at any veterinary medical facility |
| Pyometra | A pus-filled uterus |
| Endotoxemia | The presence of endotoxins in the blood |
| Septicemia | Systemic disease associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins |
| Orchiectomy | Castration |
| Cryptorchid | Animal with undescended testes |
| Ablation | Removal, especially by cutting |
| Cystostomy | Surgical formation of an opening into the bladder |
| Cystotomy | Surgical incision into the bladder to expose the lumen or interior of the urinary bladder |
| Urolith | Calculus or stone found in the urine or urinary system |
| Hematuria | Blood in urine |
| Stranguria | Slow and painful discharge of urine |
| Dysuria | Difficulty urinating |
| Pollakiuria | Abnormally frequent passage of urine |
| Anuria | Complete suppression of urine formation |
| Uroabdomen | Presence of urine in the abdominal cavity; generally associated with a ruptured bladder |
| Cystourethrogram | Radiograph of the urinary bladder and urethra |
| Urolithiasis | Formation of calculi in the urinary tract |
| Urethrotomy | Incision into the urethra |
| Entropion | Inversion or turning inward of the margin of an eyelid |
| Lacrimation | Tearing |
| Blepharospasm | Squinting, blinking |
| Photophobia | Sensitivity to light |
| Enophthalmos | Pulling back of the eye and a secondary, raised third eyelid |
| Conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| Keratitis | Inflammation of the cornea |
| Coaptation | Application of external appliance, such as a splint or cast |
| Open Fracture | A fracture in which the skin and the soft tissue covering the bone were punctured, usually by the sharp ends of the fractured bone, creating a path for external contaminants to come in contact with the bone |
| Closed Fracture | A fracture that at the time of impact did not puncture or tear the skin at or around the location of the fracture |
| Osteomyelitis | Bone infection |
| Nonunion | Failure of the ends of a fractured bone to unite |
| Malunion | Incorrect anatomical alignment of the fragments of a fractured bone; faulty union and alignment of the fractured bone |
| Disarticulation | Amputation or separation at a joint |
| Onychectomy | Declawing; the removal of the claw and its associated third phalanx |
| Insufflation | Blowing or a powder, vapor, or gas into a body cavity |
Created by:
KaleighMichelle
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