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Introduction ANS 205
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| What are the two layers of epithelial tissues | simple and stratified |
| What are the shapes of epithelial tissues | squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
| What are the types of connective tissues | cartilage, blood, bone |
| What are the types of muscle tissues | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| How do you describe skeletal muscle | striated |
| How do you describe cardiac muscle | striated, syncitium, intercalated discs |
| What is the nervous tissue made of | neurons and glial cells |
| What are neurons | star-shaped body, one or more projection called an axon |
| What is transitional tissue | changes shape by flattening out or becomes taller by stretching |
| What is an example of transitional tissue | bladder |
| Where can you find pseudostratified tissue | trachea, goblet cells, cilia pushing air down |
| What is the function of pseudostratified tissue | protects, lines, produces mucus as a protective layer |
| How many body systems are there | 11 |
| What is the definition of anatomy | study of form and structure of organisms |
| What does anatomy mean | to cut apart |
| What is the definition of physiology | study of integrated functions of the body and its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells) |
| What do structural systems do | provide basic framework and transport system for the body |
| What do coordinating systems do | control mechanism of the body |
| What do the visceral systems do | basic functional systems that do general duties of the body |
| What is the organization of the nervous system | nervous system -> brain and cells -> nerve -> neurons |
| What is the organization of a system | system -> organs -> tissues -> cells |
| What are the body planes | median, sagittal, transverse, horizontal (dorsal) |
| How does the median plane divide | an imaginary plane passing through the body that divides it into two equal halves |
| How does the sagittal plane divide | it is parallel to the median plane |
| How does the transverse plane divide | it is at a right angle to the median plane, dividing it into the cranial and caudal segments |
| How does the horizontal/dorsal plane divide | it is at a right angle to both median and transverse plane, dividing the body into dorsal and ventral |
| Describe medial and lateral | medial: close to the median plane lateral: away from median plane |
| Describe dorsal and ventral | dorsal: toward the vertebral column ventral: away from vertebral column |
| Describe proximal and distal | proximal: closer to a body part distal: away from a body part |
| Describe prone and supine | prone: dorsal part of body in uppermost (face-down) supine: ventral aspect of body is uppermost (belly-up) |
| What is linea alba | where most of the connective tissue converges, surgeons cut here because less blood and nerves |
| What are the body cavities | cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| What are the four types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| What are the two layers of epithelial tissues | simple and stratified |
| What are the shapes of epithelial tissues | squamous, cuboidal, columnar |
| What are the types of connective tissues | cartilage, blood, bone |
| What are the types of muscle tissues | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| How do you describe skeletal muscle | striated |
| How do you describe cardiac muscle | striated, syncitium, intercalated discs |
| What is the nervous tissue made of | neurons and glial cells |
| What are neurons | star-shaped body, one or more projection called an axon |
| What is transitional tissue | changes shape by flattening out or becomes taller by stretching |
| What is an example of transitional tissue | bladder |
| Where can you find pseudostratified tissue | trachea, goblet cells, cilia pushing air down |
| What is the function of pseudostratified tissue | protects, lines, produces mucus as a protective layer |
| How many body systems are there | 11 |
| What is the definition of anatomy | study of form and structure of organisms |
| What does anatomy mean | to cut apart |
| What is the definition of physiology | study of integrated functions of the body and its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells) |
| What do structural systems do | provide basic framework and transport system for the body |
| What do coordinating systems do | control mechanism of the body |
| What do the visceral systems do | basic functional systems that do general duties of the body |
| What is the organization of the nervous system | nervous system -> brain and cells -> nerve -> neurons |
| What is the organization of a system | system -> organs -> tissues -> cells |
| What are the body planes | median, sagittal, transverse, horizontal (dorsal) |
| How does the median plane divide | an imaginary plane passing through the body that divides it into two equal halves |
| How does the sagittal plane divide | it is parallel to the median plane |
| How does the transverse plane divide | it is at a right angle to the median plane, dividing it into the cranial and caudal segments |
| How does the horizontal/dorsal plane divide | it is at a right angle to both median and transverse plane, dividing the body into dorsal and ventral |
| Describe medial and lateral | medial: close to the median plane lateral: away from median plane |
| Describe dorsal and ventral | dorsal: toward the vertebral column ventral: away from vertebral column |
| Describe proximal and distal | proximal: closer to a body part distal: away from a body part |
| Describe prone and supine | prone: dorsal part of body in uppermost (face-down) supine: ventral aspect of body is uppermost (belly-up) |
| What is linea alba | where most of the connective tissue converges, surgeons cut here because less blood and nerves |
| What are the body cavities | cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic |
| What is the brief history anatomy | they started cutting up human bodies, then animals |
| What is in the cranial cavity | brain |
| What is in the thoracic cavity | heart, lungs, parts of the endocrine system |
| What is in the abdominal cavity | stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder |
| What is in the pelvic cavity | urinary bladder, uterus, kidneys |
| What does venter and dorsum mean | venter: belly dorsum: back |
| What is the dorsum most part of the skeleton | vertebral column |
| What is the function of body membranes | line or cover, protect, and lubricate body surfaces |
| How can body membranes be classified | mucous/cutaneous, serous, synovial |
| What is the mucous/cutaneous membrane | membranes around the orphosus (nostrils) |
| What is the serous membrane | membranes that line the internal organs, watery |
| What is the synovial membrane | two articular surfaces coming together (joint) |
| What are some examples of serous membranes | pericardium (heart), pleura (lungs), peritoneum (stomach, intestines, urinary, testes) |
| What is girth/viscera | part of membrane covering a viscus (inner) |
| What is parietal | part of membrane lining a body cavity (outer) |
| Which direction is abduction | away from midline |
| Which direction is adduction | toward the midline |
| Which direction is extension | straighten a joint, increase the angle |
| Which direction is flexion | bend a joint, reduce the angle |
| Which direction is pronation | turning toward a prone position (dorsal/up) |
| Which direction is supination | tuning toward a supine (ventral/down) |
| How do they grade lameness | they look at the extension, especially flexion, of the legs during trotting and galloping |
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