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Equine
Equine basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Description of a foal. | Baby horse of either sex |
| Description of a suckling. | A foal still nursing |
| Description of a weanling. | A foal no longer nursing |
| Description of a yearling. | Year old horse of either sex |
| Description of a filly. | A female horse from birth to 3 years of age |
| Description of a mare: | Female horse 4 years of age and up |
| Description of a broodmare: | A mare used for breeding |
| Description of a colt: | Intact male horse nursing to 4 years of age |
| Description of a stallion: | Intact male horse 4 years of age and up |
| Description of a gelding: | Gelded/castrated male horse any age. |
| One hand is equal to: | 4 inches |
| Where do you measure the hands on a horse: | Measured from the top of the withers to the ground |
| Minature size is considered: | Less then 8.2 hands or no larger then 34" |
| Pony size is considered: | 10 - 14.2 hands |
| Light horse size is considered: | 14.2-17.2 hands |
| Draft horse size is considered: | 17-19.2 hands |
| Cold blooded horses are considered what breed? | Draft breeds |
| What are four ways to identify a horse? | Markings, tatoo, branding, microchip |
| Markings - between eyes is called a? | Star |
| Markings - down face is called a? | Stripe |
| Markings - large strip is called a? | Blaze |
| Markings - muzzle is called a? | Muzzle |
| Markings - on nose or muzzle is called a? | Snip |
| Markings - entire face is called a? | Bald |
| Markings - lip is called a? | Lip |
| Tatooing on a horse is formated how? | First character is the letter for the year and # follows depending on race track |
| What do they use to do freeze branding? | Nitrous oxide |
| What is the normal stall size for a horse? | 12X12 |
| What is the normal stall size for a foaling stall? | 12X24 |
| Horse's are what kind of fermenters? | Hindgut |
| Where does the digestion take place in horses? | Hindgut fermenters occurs in cecum and large intestine. |
| Horses get protien from what? | Hay |
| What are the different kinds of hay? | Legume hay (alfalfa), Grass hay (timothy) |
| Alfalfa (Legume hay) has the most what? | fat, protiens, carbs |
| Does timothy hay have more/less protien then alfalfa? | Less protien |
| When do you start giving a pregnant horse a higher protien diet? | Last 1/4 of their pregnancy |
| What is the maintenance feeding amount of horses per day? | 15 lbs per day/two feedings |
| When should the foal receive the colostrum by? | Within two hours of birth |
| When do you start weaning? | 4-6 months of age |
| When does the foal start eating hay? | 2 months of age |
| Never feed a horse what? Because it its high in? and can cause? | wheat bran, phosphorus, limb defects |
| Calcium phosporus levels need to be? | Even |
| What is the gestation length of a horse? | 340 days or 11 months and 10 days |
| Signs of estrus? | Raises tail, squat, urinate, winking |
| The first way to check for a pregnancy? | Ultrasound & rectal palpation |
| Day 15 of the pregnancy what do you do? | Visualise embryonic vessel |
| Day 30 of the pregnancy what do you do? | Check heartbeat; check for twins - pinch off twin if there |
| Day 40-60 of the pregnancy what do you do? | Check normal development |
| The rectal palpation is done again in the fall to what? | To make sure the mare is still pregnant and hasn't slip'd the foal |
| Caslick procedure is? | When they suture 2/3 vulva make sure the mare doesn't have the baby to soo. This is due to mares with short vagina or risk for early delivery. |
| When do the mammary glands start developing? | 3-6 weeks prior to foaling |
| When do the mammary glands start filling with colostrum? | 2-3 days prior to foaling |
| What are the stages of delivery? | Stage one - restless/sweatyStage two - deliveryStage three - delivery of placenta |
| When does stage one of delivery end? | Rupture of the sack |
| Placenta must be delivered whole within? | 3 hours |
| Foal should stand within? | 1 hour |
| The mare and foal should be checked within? | 24 hours of delivery |
| Complications of pregnancy - what is red bag? | When the placenta comes out and there is no baby. Placenta becomes detached from baby. |
| What is red bag caused from? | Endophyte fungus found in fields or spontaneously |
| What is dystocia? | Difficult birth - baby must be delivered within three hours. |
| Name three different kinds of horse exams? | Lameness exam, breeding exam, prepurchase exam, colic exam, basic physical exam |
| You should always have what when you travel? | Health certificate |
| What is the normal blood pressure of a horse? | 20-40 bpm |
| What is the normal temperature of a horse? | 99-101.5 |
| What is the average respiratory for a horse? | 5 |
| blue/purple gums mean | cyanosis |
| red gums mean | septicemal/septic shock |
| yellow gums | icterus |
| white | not good |
| A distinct purple line on gumline along the margins of teeth indicate endotoxemia or toxin in the body | toxic line |
| What does the 3-way vaccine have in it? | eastern/western tetnus, encephalomyletis |
| What does the 4-way vaccine have in it? | eastern/western tetnus, equine influenza, tetnus toxoid |
| Rhine vaccine is for | rhinopheumoitis or equine herpe virus 1 & 4 |
| Flu vaccine is for | includes the most common strands of equine influenza |
| Flu/Rhino Vaccine | Includes influenza and rhino vaccine |
| Rabies vaccine | given 2 ml annually |
| Broodmare vaccines should be given | 4-6 weeks prior to breeding & during gestation at 3, 5, 7, 9. Also another vaccine 4-6 weeks prior to delivery. |
| When is the broodmare wormed? | 24-48 hours prior to delivery |
| When do you vaccinate a foal? | Not until they are 3-4 months old. They are good with antibodies from mom well through 2 months. |
| Most horses that test positive for coggins are? | Euthanized |
| In the horse you give injects iv where? | Jugular |
| In the horse you give IM injects where? | Gluteals or semimembraneous |
| In the horse you give SQ injections where? | Axilla - normally you don't give SQ though |
| What do you always do when giving an injection? | Aspirate |
| What is the dental formula for a baby horse? | 2(di3/3, dc0/0, dp3/3) = 24 total |
| What is the dental formula for an adult horse? | 2(I3/3, C1/1, P3-4/2, M3/3) = 40-42 total |
| What is the order of putting on a leg wrap? | Put on the tefla pad first if covering the wound, Kling wrap, sheet cotton, large brown gauze, Vet wrap usually two rolls, Elasticon or duct tape on ends |
| What are cups on a horses tooth? | black cavity in the middle of the occlusal surfaces on the incisors disappear at different ages |
| What is the order of putting on a leg wrap? | Put on the tefla pad first if covering the wound, Kling wrap, sheet cotton, large brown gauze, Vet wrap usually two rolls, Elasticon or duct tape on ends |
| Deciduous teeth are also known as? | Caps |
| This disease we vaccinate against is also known as sleeping sickness caused by mosquito bites | Equine eastern enchalamylitis, Equine western encephalamylitis |
| This bacterial diseas we vaccinate for causes ridged saw horse like stance, with muscle paralysis? | Teatnus clostridium tetani |
| EPM is what? | Equine protozoal myelitis |
| What causes equine protozoal myelitis? | protozoal parasite, sarcocystis neurona |
| EPM Parasite causes | inflammation and necrosis of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord |
| THis disease causes shaker foal syndrome? | Botulism |
| Botulism is caused by the ingestion of ? | neurotoxin made by clostridium botulinum |
| This disease causes swever swelling of the lymph nodes and ishighly contagious? | Strangles bacteria, streptococcus equi |
| Strangles is transmitted by | flies and by vet or tech who doesn't practic good hygeine. Highly contagious. |
| WHy do you bandage all the legs when only one needs wrapped? | To help keep the legs equal pressure so animal doesn't favor a leg. |
Created by:
wndym
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