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Quiz 1

Chapters 3 and 10

QuestionAnswer
What is an infectious agent? Pathogenic microbe responsible for causing infection.
Examples of infectious agents. Bacteria, fungi, virus
What is a reservoir? Place where a microbe can survive, grow, or multiply.
Examples of reservoirs. Humans, animals, food, water, soil, and contaminated articles and equipment.
What is an exit pathway? Way for an infectious agent to leave a host.
Examples of exit pathways. Blood. exudates, excretions, secretions.
What is Means of Transmission? Method an infectious agent uses to travel from a reservoir to a susceptible host.
Examples of means of transmission. Airborne, contact, droplet, vector, and vehicle.
What is airborne transmission? Transfer of infectious agents through inhalation.
What is the size of airborne particles? Less than 5um in diameter.
How are airborne particles dispersed? Sneezing, coughing, talking, and activities that produce aerosols.
What is droplet transmission? Transfer of infectious agent in mucous membranes of mouth, nose, or conjunctiva.
In droplet transmission, how large are the droplets? Larger than 5 um in diameter.
What is the difference between airborne and droplet transmission? Droplet transmission droplets normally travel less than 10 ft and do not remain suspended in the air (too large). Airborne transmission involves microbes that float through the air (smaller particles)
What is vector transmission? Transfer of infectious agent by an insect, arthropod, or animal.
What is vehicle transmission? Transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water, or drugs.
What are some examples of vehicle transmission? Salmonella from contaminated chicken, shigella from contaminated drinking water.
What is an entry pathway? Way for an infectious agent to enter a susceptible host.
List examples of entry pathways. Body openings: Mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth, and breaks in the skin.
What is a susceptible host? Someone with a decreased ability to resist infection.
What are some factors that affect susceptibility? Age, health, immune status.
What is a nosocomial infection? Patient infections acquired in hospitals.
Which agency is responsible PPE compliance? OSHA
What are engineering controls? Devices that isolate or remove a BBP hazard.
What are work practice controls? Practices that change the way tasks are performed to reduce likelihood of BBP exposure.
Does capillary blood and venous blood have the same composition? No
What is the difference between capillary blood and venous blood? Blood obtained from a capillary contain a mixture of arterial, venous, and capillary blood.
Should you notify the lab if the sample is a capillary specimen? Yes, reference values may differ between capillary blood and venous blood.
Why is it helpful to warm a site for a heel stick? Increased blood flow to the area.
What is asepsis? Condition of being free of contamination or germs.
What is aseptic technique? Healthcare practice used to reduce chance of microbial contamination.
What is the first action to take to aid a victim of shock? Maintain an open airway.
What is standard precautions. Intended to minimize the risk of infection transmission when caring for all patients regardless of status. (Blood, all body fluids, except sweat), nonintact skin and mucous membranes, regardless of whether there is visible blood.
What is universal precautions? Blood and certain body fluids of all individuals are considered potentially infectious.
How deep should a heel puncture lancet penetrate? 2mm deep or less.
Created by: janeen73
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