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Vet Tech-PennFoster
associates degree in veterinary technology - sem. 1&2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
aa | equal parts |
AC | agriculture Canada |
AI | artificial insemination |
BHC | benzene hexachloride |
ca. , circa | about, approximately |
cal. , C. | small calorie |
Cal. , C. | large calorie (kilocalorie) |
CM3 | cubic centimeter |
cq | centigram (1/100 gram) |
cm | centimeter (1/100 meter) |
cu | cubic |
dr. | drams |
EEG | electroencophalogram |
EKG/ECG | electrocardiogram |
fl. | fluid |
g, gm | gram (0.035oz) |
IM | intramuscular |
IP | intraperitoneal |
IU | international unit(s) |
IV | intravenous |
kg | kilogram (1,000 grams) |
l | liter (1.057 liquid qts) |
LD50 | amount lethal for 50% of test group |
m | meter (39.37 in.) |
mA | milliampere |
mAs | milliampere-second(s) |
ME | metabolize energy |
mg | milligram (1/1000 gram) |
ml | milliliter (1/1000 liter) |
MLD | minimum lethal dose |
mm | millimeter (1/1000 meter, 0.039 in.) |
NB | note well |
NF | national formulary |
ppb | parts per billion |
ppm | parts per million |
q.s. ad | quantity sufficient to make |
q.v. | which see |
R | roentgen (x-ray) |
SC | subcutaneous |
TDN | total digestible nutrients |
U. | unit |
U.S.P. | united states pharmacopeia |
viz. | namely |
ANTE- | before, forward |
AD- | toward, near |
AB- | away from |
AUTO- | self |
ANTI- | against |
ANA- | up, apart |
AN- , A- | no, not, without |
BRADY- | deficient, under |
BI- , DI- | two |
CYANO- | blue |
CON- , COM- , CO- | with, together |
CHROMO- | color |
CHLORO- | green |
DIS- | apart, away from |
DIA- | through, between, apart, across, completely |
DYS- | bad, painful |
DECI- | one-tenth |
DE- | down, lack of |
EXTRA- | outside of |
EX- | out |
EPI- | above, upon |
ENDO- | within, in, inner |
EC- , ECTO- | outside |
ERYTHRO- | red |
HYPO- | below, deficient |
HYPER- | excessive, above |
HEXA- | six |
HEMI- | half |
INTRA- | within |
INTER- | between |
INFRA- | below, beneath |
IN- | in, into |
LEUKO- | white |
META- | beyond, change |
MULTI- | many |
MONO- | one, single |
MICRO- | small |
MELANO- | black |
MAL- | bad |
MACRO- | large |
NEO- | new |
PRO- , PROS- | before, forward |
PRE- | before |
POST- | after, behind |
PERI- | surrounding |
PARA- | near, alongside |
PSEUDO- | false |
POLY- | many, much |
PENT- | five |
PAN- | all |
QUADR- | four |
RETRO- | behind, backward |
RE- | back, again |
SUPRA- | above, upper |
SUB- | beneath, less than |
SYM-, SYN- | with, together |
TRANS- | across, through |
TRI- | three |
TACHY- | fast |
ULTRA- | beyond |
XANTH- | yellow |
-ARY, -AR | pertaining to |
-AL, -EAL, -IAL | pertaining to |
-AC, -IAC | pertaining to |
-ALGIA | pain |
-CENTESIS | puncture and |
-DYNIA | pain |
-ELLA | small |
-ECTOMY | surgical removal |
-EMIA | blood condition |
-GRAPHY | process of recording |
-GENIC | producing, forming |
-INE | pertaining to |
-IC, -ICAL | pertaining to |
-IATRIC | medical treatment |
-IA | condition, disease |
-ITIS | inflammation |
-LYSIS | separation |
-LEPSY | seizure or attack |
-MEGALY | enlargement |
-MALACIA | softening |
-OUS | characteristic of |
-OID | resembling |
-OPSY | view of, vision |
-OMA | tumor or mass |
-OSIS | abnormal condition |
-PLASTY | formation, plastic repair of, surgical repair |
-PLAST | cell, living substance |
-PATHY | disease |
-PENIA | deficiency |
-PLEGIA | paralysis |
-PNEA | breathing |
-RRHEXIS | breaking open |
-RRHEA | flow, discharge |
-RRHAGE | bursting forth |
-STOMY | opening |
-SCOPY | visual examination |
-SCLEROSIS | hardening |
-TOMY | incision, cutting |
-ULAR | pertaining to |
-VOROUS | eating |
ADEN/O- | gland |
ARTERI/O- | artery |
ARTHR/O- | joint |
BLEHOAR/O- | eyelid |
BRONCH/O- | windpipe, throat |
CARDI/O- | heart |
CEPHAL/O- | head |
CEREBR/O- | brain |
CHIR/O- | hand |
CHOL/O- | bile |
CHONDR/O- | cartilage |
COL/O- | lower intestine |
COLP/O- | vagina |
COR/O- | pupil of eye |
CORTIC/O- | cortex |
COST/O- | rib |
CRIN/O- | secrete |
CYST/O- | bladder, cyst |
CYT/O- | cell |
DACRY/O- | tears |
DEM/O- | people |
DENT/I- , DENT/O- | tooth |
DERMAT/O- | skin |
DEXTR/O- | right side |
EMBRY/O- | embryo |
ENCEPHAL/O- | brain |
ENTER/O- | intestine |
FIBR/O- | fibrous |
GASTR/O- | stomach |
GERONT/O- | old age |
GLOSS/O- | tongue |
GYNEC/O- | woman, female |
HEM/A- , HEM/O- , HEMAT/O- | blood |
HEPAT/O- | liver |
HIST/O- | tissue |
HYDR/O- | water |
HYSTER/O- | uterus, womb |
ILI/O- | flank, upper hipbone |
IMMUN/O- | protected |
INTERN/O- | within, inner |
IRID/O- | iris of eye |
LABI/O- | lip |
LAPAR/O- | flank, abdominal wall |
LARYNG/O- | ear, nose, windpipe, larynx |
LIP/O- | fat |
MAST/O- | breast |
METR/O- | uterus |
MUSCUL/O- | muscle |
MYEL/O- | marrow, spinal cord |
MY/O- | muscle |
NAT/O- | birth |
NEPHR/O- | kidney |
NEUR/O- | nerve |
OBSTETR/O- | midwife |
ODONT/O- | tooth |
ONC/O- | tumor |
OPHTHALM/O- , OPT/O- | eye |
ORCHID/O- | testes |
ORTH/O- | straight |
OSS/I- , OSTE/O- | bone |
OT/O- | ear |
OV/I- | egg |
PATH/O- | disease |
PED/O- , PEDI/A- | child |
PHARMAC/O- | drug, medicine |
PHARYNG/O- | pharynx |
PHLEB/O- | vein |
PLEUR/O- | rib, side of body |
PNEUM/O- | lung, air |
POD/O- , PED/I- | foot |
POLI/O- | gray matter |
PROCT/O- | anus, rectum |
PSYCH/O- | mind |
PULM/O- | lung |
PYEL/O- | pelvis |
REN/I- | kidney |
SACR/O- | sacrum |
SANGU/I- | blood |
SARC/O- | flesh |
SER/O- | serum, blood |
SIAL/O- | salivary glands |
SOMAT/O- | body |
SPONDYL/O- | vertebra |
STOMAT/O- | mouth |
THORAC/O- | chest |
THROMB/O- | blood clot |
TRACHE/O- | windpipe, throat |
TRICH/O- | hair |
URETHR/O- | urethra |
URIN/O- , UR/O- | urine |
UTER/O- | womb, uterus |
VAS/O- | vessel |
VEN/O- | vein |
VENTR/O- | abdomen |
Negative Reinforcement | refers to any immediate unpleasant occurrence used to create a desired behavior |
Environmental History | the animals most recent living situation |
Pig Catcher | a long-handled, large clamp with a rope that holds the ends of the clamp shut |
Punishment | used to decrease rather than increase a behavior |
Positive Punishment | involves adding an undesirable occurrence to decrease a behavior |
Otoscope | an instrument used to inspect the ear of an animal. an essential diagnostic tool to determine types of infections and see foreign bodies in the ear canal |
Intellectual Property | an idea, invention, or process that comes from the work of the mind or intellect |
APA | american psychological association |
DOI | digital object identifier |
Command-Response-Reward | giving a command and rewarding immediately, everytime a desired response is performed |
Clicker Training | used to signal to an animal it performed the correct behavior |
Spraying | staining vertical surfaces with strong smelling urine |
Territorial | prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise, and play |
Postparturition | the period of time after giving birth to offspring |
Breed Defect | any undesirable characteristic that may be genetically passed from one generation to the next |
Sociobiology | study of the biological basis of social behavior |
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) | evaluates all operational aspects of the biomedical research facility |
Veterinary Technician | graduate of an AVMA and/or CVTEA accredited veterinary technology program |
Veterinary Assistant | a person who's trained on the job or completes a vocational program |
Negative Punishment | involves removing a desirable occurrence to decrease a behavior |
Imprinting | rapid learning process that enables the very young to recognize and bond with their caretaker |
Sensitive Period | period of time when imprinting occurs |
Nature vs Nurture Controversy | classical ethology views animal behavior as primarily instinctive vs animal psychology which views animal behavior as primarily learned |
Social Behavior | ways individual members of the same species interact with one another |
Aggression | behavior bred from an impulse to harm another being |
Socialization | process of adapting to contact with others |
Fear Induced Aggression | occurs when an animal is in a position from which it cannot escape |
Extinction | involves removing problem behavior by completely removing reinforcement for the behavior |
Aversion Therapy | creating a relationship between unpleasant stimulus and an object that the animal may be marking, chewing, or damaging |
Euthanasia | act of killing a hopelessly sick or injured animal in a painless way |
Animal Welfare Act | group of federal law designed to ensure that lab animals receive the best care possible |
Controlled Substances Act | federal law that controls the manufacture, purchase, and distribution of certain drugs |
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | created to ensure safe and effective food, drugs, and medical devices |
Dominance Aggression / Conflict-Related Aggression | aggression that may occur when the owner attempts to assert dominance over it. (like taking away a toy) |
Dance | complex pattern of movements by a bee that directs other bees to a food source |
Veterinary Practice Manager (VPM) | responsible for all business aspects of the practice |
Reception Area | coordination center where clients are first greeted |
Exam Room | where you meet VT or VA and have the animals health assessed |
Surgical Suite | 1 room for prep, 1 room for surgical procedures, 1 room for recovery. clients do not enter these rooms |
Treatment Area | center of practice. where patients receive meds or have diagnostic procedures done |
Isolation Area | consists of different sized cages for animals with easily transmitted diseases |
Laboratory Animal Technician (LAT) | oversees daily animal care in biomedical research companies and educational institutions |
Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician (ALAT) | helps LAT care for animals in biomedical research facilities and educational institutions |
Wildlife Rehabilitator | cares for injured and orphaned wild animals. wildlife rehabilitator license required |
Zoo Animal Caretaker | responsible for daily feeding and observation of captive wild animals |
Animal Shelter Aide | cares for stray and abandoned animals at shelters and humane societies |
Animal Control Officer (ACO) | employed by state/county agencies and is responsible for stray animal control and enforcement of animal license and leash laws |
Professional Associations | memberships to keep VT's and VA's informed on trends in the field. offers networking for jobs |
Jugular Vein | venipuncture site on front of neck |
Lateral Recumbency / Reclining Restraint | animal restrained on its side and stretched out |
Occlude | in venipuncture, to block or hold off a vein by pressing on it with your finger, allowing blood to pool in the vein |
Venipuncture | puncturing a vein to collect blood, administer meds, or pass a catheter |
Saphenous Vein | venipuncture site on outer surface of the hind leg |
Slip Leash | a leash of flat or braided nylon with a ring at the end. designed to tighten momentarily the way a training collar does |
Sternum | breastbone |
Sternal Recumbency | animal placed on its sternum at the edge of the table, its front legs extending off the edge of the table |
Muzzle | any device applied around the animals nose and mouth to prevent it from biting |
Territorial Aggression | refers to aggressive tendencies related to territory. dogs protect home from other people and cats protect home from other cats |
Desensitization | diminishing a certain behavior by slowly exposing the animal to the stimulus that creates the poor response |
Manual Restraint | using your hands to hold an animal in the desired position |
Chemical Restraint | use of sedatives, tranquilizers, and anesthetics on an animal |
Mechanical Restraint | use of equipment such as leashes, collars, restraint bags, and poles on an animal |
Training Collar | stainless steel links with a ring at each end, forming a dog collar designed to tighten momentarily with a short, firm tug |
Head Snare | long metal or heavy duty plastic, tubular handle with a thick retractable wire inside it, forming a loop designed to be pulled out, slipped over the head and quickly tightened |
Involuntary/Unconditioned Response | a simple reflex, like a knee jerk after the doctor taps it |
Natural Selection | the process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment |
Species | classification given to a group of animals who can produce young |
Evolution | a natural process of slow change and development that gradually leads to new species of plants and animals over a very long time |
Behavior Modification Programs | training courses that use rewards and reprimands to stimulate changes in behavior |
Wobble | a training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand it's perched on a couple of inches |
Conflict Related Aggression | arises when a dog is exposed to uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus or conflict |
Predatory Aggression | different from other forms since animal gives no warning in the form of a growl, etc. |
Inter-Male Aggression | natural instinct between males of the same species. nearly eliminated by neutering |
Catching Net | a net, usually attached to the end of a long-handled wooden pole. used to remove single birds from a flock |
Committee on Veterinary Technology Education and Activities (CVTEA) | accredits veterinary technology programs |
Veterinary Medicine Board | group of veterinarians selected by a govenor to oversee a states veterinary medicine |
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) | the FDA branch that monitors the animal health industry, administering the sections of the food and drug and cosmetic act that pertain to animals |
Hospital Ward | for confinement and pre/post surgery |
Behaviorism | says behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed |
Avoidance Therapy | use of negative reinforcement to diminish problem behavior |
Counter Conditioning | replaces undesirable behavior with a desirable one |
Snubbing Rope | a rope with a loop at one end, tied with a slip knot so the loop can be tightened. used to restrain a captured pigs head |
Cephalic Vein | venipuncture site along the front of the foreleg |
Unconditioned Stimulus | something that creates an unconditioned response |
Comedones | skin lesions that resemble blackheads |
Classical Ethology | says much of what animals know is instinctive, or innate |
Ethology | study of animal behavior |
Instinct | an animals natural and inherent ability to perform such tasks as hunting, feeding and mating |
Fixed Action Patterns | stereotypical or predictable behaviors |
Operant Conditioning | association of an activity with reward or punishment |
Tympanic Membrane | the membrane that covers the ear drum |
Ophthalmoscope | instrument used to see the interior chamber of the eye, where signs of disease and trauma can sometimes be seen |
Stanchion | an opening at the front of a cattle chute that holds the head in place |
Milking Hobbles | two metal bands, connected by a length of chain, used to prevent a cow from kicking |
Thoracic Area | the chest cavity on an animal |
Ventral | directional term - toward the anterior or front |
Caudal | directional term - toward the tail |
Seizure | a short circuit in the brain that makes the animal lose control over its body |
Mouth Gag | a wedge-shaped structure that prevents a horse from biting down while its mouth is being examined |
Head Catch | the part of a stall or chute that traps cattle by the head. also known as a head clamp, neck yoke, or squeeze chute |
Hog Snare | a pole with a loop at the end that can be tightened over a pigs snout |
Heart Girth Tape | a flexible tape measure that weighs a horse by measuring its girth just behind the elbow in its heart area |
Scruff (Scruffing) | grasping the loose skin behind neck; often restraint for cats, rabbits, and ferrets |
Palpation | examining body parts by touch |
Cardiovascular System | the body system that circulates blood |
Capillary Refill Time | the time it takes for the vessels in the mucous membranes to return to normal after being pressed |
Symmetrical | even. in size and shape |
Cradle | a device that consists of wooden slats or round rods woven together that go around a horses neck to keep it straight and to prevent the horse from chewing at itself |
Stocks | narrow enclosures that partially immobilize a horse for treatment |
Casting Rope | a rope used to place an enclosed animal on its side |
Keel | the breastbone of a bird |
Neuro Hammer | an exam tool used by the vet to check an animals reflexes |
Erythroderma | a medical term meaning reddened skin |
Auscultation | listening for sounds produced within the body |
Perfuse | to pump; in the animal, the body's ability to pump blood |
Halter | gear composed of a noseband and a throat latch that encircles the head of large animals, like a horse, allowing a lead to be attached for restraint |
Cross Tie | restraint method that restricts an animals side to side head movement by tying two ropes to the halter and to the cross tie rings in the barn or transpo trailer |
Hobble | a leather strap fastened around an animals legs to restrict movement |
Lead | a guide leash made of leather or rope, that attaches to a halter and allows you to hold or guide the animal |
Alopecia | loss of hair on the body |
Chain Twitch | a horse restraint that's usually made of a long, wooden handle with a loop of stainless steel chain at one end. designed to distract a horse by stimulating its nerves |
Chain Shank | a long leather lead or rope with about two feet of chain and a snap hook at one end. used to distract a horse |
Cattle Chute | a cattle exam area large enough for one. often with poles for cross tying and an opening for holding the animals head |
Nasal Septum | tissue between the nostrils |
Progress Notes | the portion of a medical chart devoted to ongoing patient evaluations, arranged using the SOAP format |
Signalment | the overall patient description |
SOAP Format | an acronym for the four divisions of the progress notes sections of the patient record. subjective, objective, assessment, plan or procedure |
Master Problem List | the first page of a veterinary medical chart that serves as an index or table of contents for the rest of the record |
Peristalsis | involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward |
Pulmonary Edema | fluid accumulation in the lungs |
Pulse Deficits | distinct differences between the point at which the heart beats and the point at which a pulse beat is felt. the pulse should be felt directly after the heart beats |
Veterinary Practice Act | set of laws that govern veterinary medicine in a particular state |
Bull Staff | restraint equipment for cattle that consists of a long-handled metal rod with a large hook on one end that clips to the nose ring, helping to restrain the head |
Respiratory System | the body system that takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide |
Integumentary System | the skin and attached structures, like the hair |
Hurdle | flat, shield-like piece of plastic or plywood three feet square used to direct a group of pigs into an enclosure |
Tail Tying | technique that involves tying an animals tail out of the way for certain procedures |
Body Systems History | detailed questions about the body system(s) involved in the presenting problem(s) |
Bilateral | occurring on or having two sides |
Nose Lead | large metal tongs with large ball shaped ends, designed to hold the heads of cattle in place |
Positive Reinforcement | refers to any immediate pleasant occurrence that follows a behavior and can be used to reinforce desired behaviors. must occur within 20 seconds to be effective. |
Cat Bag | a restraint device used to enclose a cats body while providing access to the treatment sites |
Tail Jacking | used to prevent an animal from kicking. used for minor technical procedures. involves lifting the tail in line with the animals spine to avoid fracturing the vertebrae |
Classical Conditioning | association of stimuli that happens at about the same time or in roughly the same area |
American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) | accredits voluntary complying practices |
Function | in ethological terms, survival value |
Naturalists | natural scientists |
Instrumental Learning | learning by trial and error |
Avoidance Conditioning | learning that aggression will avoid the conflict |
Habituation | process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored |
Papillae | a pimple-like structure that can be found in the ear canal, choana, etc |
Papule | a hard pimple-like skin bump |
Forceps | an instrument that grasps small rodents and allows easy transport; any of various instruments used to grasp and pull objects |
Fetal Hold | technique of grasping a cat by the scruff of the neck |
Medial | directional term - toward the middle |
Nares | nostrils |
Catching Hook | a hook, usually about 5 inches long, attached to a long-handled pole for catching fowl |
Acrylic Rodent Restrainer | used for mouse and rat venipuncture; a clear plastic tube with holes drilled into it |
Choana | a slit-like opening on the roof of the mouth of a bird |
Intervertebral Disk Disease | deteriorated cushions between the vertebrae |
Vertebrae | the bones of the spine |
Stimulus Response Theory (of psychology) | says all complex forms of behavior including emotions, thoughts, and habits are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured |
Elizabethan Collar | a circular plastic shield collar used to prevent an animal from chewing at its bandages |
Dorsal | directional term - toward the back |
Cranial | directional term - toward the head |
V-Trough | a v-shaped trough usually made of plywood, used to restrain a pig on its back |
Presenting Problem | the reason the animal is at the vet clinic |
Rales | abnormal crackling sounds heard in the lungs |
Zoonosis | disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans |
Wick | thin, absorbent thread inserted into body cavity for drainage |
Toxoplasmosis | contagious disease of all species caused by toxoplasma gondii |
Spirograph | instrument used to record tracing of respiratory movements |
Speculum | instrument that holds open a cavity, especially the vagina or ear, for inspection |
Sound | rod-like instrument with a curved end, used to explore or dilate body structures |
Snare | wire noose used for surgical removal of tumors or polyps by the roots |
Inguinal | groin |
Iliac | hipbone |
Hypogastric | areas below the stomach |
Hypochondrum | region below cartilage of ribs |
Genital | pertaining to reproductive organs |
Extremities | terminal portions; legs, feet, hooves, and paws |
Exocrine | external secretion of a gland |
Excretory | relating to discharge of waste |
Scope | flexible fiberoptic instrument for inspection of the body interior |
Retractor | instrument that draws aside edges of skin or tissue to expose operational site |
Polyuria | excessive urination |
Polyphagia | excessive appetite |
Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
Parainfluenza | viral infection of respiratory tract; part of routine dog vaccination |
Palpate | examine by touch |
Nebulizer | device that applies a fine mist |
Epidermal | relating to outer layer of skin |
Endocrine | secreting internally; relating to endocrine glands |
Dorsal Recumbency | laying on back |
Dorsal | back of animal |
Distal | direction away from point of origin |
Probe | thin, flexible, metal rod with a blunt end. used to explore cavities and wounds |
Proctoscope | hollow, tube shaped instrument for inspection of the rectum |
Regional Anesthesia | anesthesia applied to a limb or entire section of body |
Respirometer | device used to measure extent of respiration |
Respirator | device inflating lungs with a mix of oxygen and air to maintain respiration |
Fascial | connective tissue membrane |
Frontal | forehead |
Femoral | thigh |
Fecal | relating to feces (stool or excrement) |
Genetic | relating to biological heredity |
Gluteal | buttock |
Groin | region between abdomen and thigh |
Digestive | regarding conversion of food into chemical substances the body uses |
Diastolic | regarding relaxation of heart muscle, allowing heart chambers to fill with blood |
Diaphragmatic | pertaining to diaphragm |
Float | instrument used to file or rasp a horse's premolar and molar teeth |
Feline Urolithiasis | condition in cats; caused by mineral deposits in urinary tract |
Feline Panleukopenia | viral leukemia of cats, usually fatal |
Myotherapy | trigger-point massage |
Cross-Matching | tests compatibility of recipient and donor blood or tissue |
Colloid Fluid | synthetic fluids that expand volume dur to oncotic drag by exerting a high oncotic pressure |
Crystalloid Fluid | a balanced isotonic electrolyte |
Oncotic Pressure | pressure exerted on capillary walls by plasma proteins |
Endangerment Sites | body areas too delicate for massage therapy |
Placentitis | infection of a mare's placenta |
Menace Response | head movement or blink of an eye in response to a threatening gesture; used to assess vision in animals |
Congenital | defect or disease present at birth |
Retention Enema | enema delivered using a Foley catheter with the balloon inflated |
Mastitis | inflammation of the mammary gland |
Esophagus | tubular food passage between the neck and stomach |
Cord Clamp | flexible band used to compress or close off an opening |
Curette | spoon-shaped instrument used to scrape tissue from body cavities |
Cystoscope | instrument used to view interior bladder |
Drain | tube or wick used to draw fluid from a body cavity or surface |
Endoscope | slender, tubular instrument used for viewing and examining interior body parts |
Drain Tube | tube used to drain fluid from inside the body |
Feline Infectious | infectious inflammation of the peritoneum of cats' peritonitis |
Digital | pertaining to fingers or toes |
Muscle Tissue | tissue with the power to contract and thus produce movement; can be skeletal muscle, smooth muscle or cardiac muscle |
Nerve Tissue | tissue that carries nerve impulses |
Epithelial Tissue | tissue that protects, lines, or invests body organs |
Mammory | breasts |
Lymphatic | pertaining to lymph or lymphatic vessels |
Lumbar | pertaining to lower back |
Lateral Recumbency | laying on left or right side |
Lateral | away from the middle |
Larynx | upper part of the trachea (windpipe) |
Invest | cover or surround a part of the body |
Dental | pertaining to teeth or dentistry |
Deciduous | falling out at end of a stage or season; first set of teeth |
Cutaneous | relating to skin |
Cubital | elbow or forearm |
Crural | leg |
Cranial (position) | towards the head |
Diaphragm | muscular wall dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities |
Involuntary Muscle | muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by nervous system tissue |
Medial | the middle; toward midline |
Midsagittal | a line dividing the body at its exact median, into two near mirror images (medial) |
Mucous (adjective) | secreting mucous or covered by mucous |
Mucous (noun) | slippery secretion of mucous membranes; acts like lubrication |
Coupage | a technique to help clear lung secretions; performed by gently, but firmly, hitting the chest with cupped hands |
Foley Catheter | a sterile, thin flexible tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine that can be left in place for a period of time |
Collateral | secondary or accessory |
Connective Tissue | tissue specializing in connection and support of body parts |
Copulatory | pertaining to sexual intercourse |
Coronary | regarding heart |
Costal | ribs |
Cranial | pertaining to space enclosed by the skull; holds brain and pituitary gland |
Thrombosis | blood clot formation in a blood vessel |
California Mastisis Test (CMT) | a rapid "animal-side" milk test to check for the presence of mastitis by determining the somatic cell count |
Fenestrated Tube | a rubber tube/catheter with multiple holes in its distal end |
Colostrum | antibody-rich milk substance secreted from the mammary glands soon after childbirth |
Phlebitis | vein inflammation |
Palmar | bottom of front foot |
Patellar | knee |
Pedal | foot |
Perineal | region between anus and genitals |
Peritoneum | membrane investing abdominal cavity and viscera |
Plantar | bottom of rear foot |
Pleural Cavity | space between lungs and pleura |
Posterior | the back |
Proximal | area near point of origin |
Quadrants | 1 of 4 sections in abdomino-pelvic area |
Recumbent | laying down |
Respiratory | pertaining to exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and body cells |
Rostral | directional term. toward the nose. use when referring to areas on the head |
Kushing | camelids' tendency to lie down in sternal recumbency |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue | specialized form of involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart |
Cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
Capillary | smallest blood vessels |
Cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
Carpal | the wrist |
Caudal | directional term. towards the tail |
Celiac | abdomen |
Cavity | space or hollow within the body |
Cephalic | head |
Cerebral | pertaining to brain, cerebrum |
Cilia | small hair-like structures |
Cervical | pertaining to the neck or cervix |
Circulartory | pertaining to blood circulation |
Epigastric | region above stomach |
Lancet | wide, two-edged, pointed surgical knife |
Ligature | nylon, wire, or catgut tied around a structure to prevent bleeding |
Local Anesthesia | anesthesia used to numb a specific area without causing a loss of consciousness |
Brachial | arm, upper front leg |
Bronchial | pertaining to air tubes of lungs |
Buccal | inner surfaces of cheeks |
Inhalator | device that administers medicinal vapors |
Fluoroscope | fluorescent screen on which xrays may be viewed |
Hemostat | device used to stop or prevent hemorraging |
Hypodermic | needle and syringe used for injection under the skin |
Arterial | pertaining to arteries or the blood in them |
Articular | pertaining to a joint |
Autonomic | occurring involuntarily |
Axial | trunk and skull (skeleton) |
Axillary | armpit area (front leg) |
Bowel | division of intestine |
Appendicular | legs (appendages, extremities) |
Aortic | the aorta (largest artery) |
Anterior | nearer the front of the body or to the head |
Antebrachial | the forearm, lower front leg |
Anatomical Position | standing on all 4 legs, neck straight, head up and facing forward |
Alimentary | pertaining to food or nutrition (alimentary canal) |
Adipose | fat |
Abdominal | space between diaphragm and hip bones; houses the major digestive organs |
Clamp | surgical instrument used to compress blood vessels or close off end of the intestine |
Catheter | tube inserted into a narrow opening for removal or introduction of fluids |
Cardiomyopathy | chronic disorder of the heart, common in dogs |
Canine Parvovirus | virus that causes a deadly disease in dogs |
Canine Distemper | viral disease of dogs marked by fever and respiratory problems |
Autoclave | device used to sterilize instruments with pressurized, super heated steam |
Aspirator | hollow instrument used to withdraw fluid, especially from body cavities, cysts, and joints |
Arthroscope | instrument inserted into joint cavity to inspect contents |
Zygomatic | the cheek |
Voluntary Muscle Tissue | muscle tissues controlled by conscious effort; also called skeletal muscle |
Viscus (pl., viscera) | internal organs, particularly of abdominal cavity |
Ventral | belly of animal |
Vascular | relating to vessels for passage of bodily fluids |
Urogenital | pertaining to organs of excretion and reproduction |
Urinary | pertaining to system of urine secretion |
Transverse (or cross-sectional) Plane | plane that divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts |
Thoracic Cavity | space between neck and diaphragm; houses lungs |
Temporal | side of skull |
Tarsal | ankle or hock |
Striated | striped, as in appearance of voluntary (skeletal) muscles |
Sternal Recumbency | laying on belly |
Spinal Cavity | spaces with vertebrae; houses spinal cord |
Sagittal Plane | plane that divides body vertically into left and right parts |
Sacral | portion of the spine located near the pelvis |
Secondary Intention Healing | type of wound healing characterized by formation of granulation that fills a wound |
Primary Intention Healing | wound healing that occurs when wound edges are approximated and granulation tissue formation doesn't occur |
Emetic | a substance that induces vomiting |
Transfaunation | the repopulation of ruminal microbes by transferring them from one animal to another |
Tachypnea (ta-Kuhp-nee-uh) | increased respiratory rate |
Cathartic | a purgative (laxative), decreases transit time |
Adsorbent | a material that attracts chemicals that become trapped on the materials surface |
Triage | assigning degrees of urgency to illnesses/wounds to determine the order of treatment in a group of patients |
Pulse Pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
Orthopnea (or-thaap-nee-uh) | maintaining a specific posture to make breathing easier |
Obtundation (ob-tun-day-shn) | altered level of consciousness |
Borborygmi (bor-br-ig-mai) | large intestinal motility sounds (rumbling/gurgling) |
Bradypnea (braid-ip-nea) | decreased respiratory rate |
Fluid Wave | palpation test for ascites |
Ascites (as-ci-tes) | the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling |
Palatal Rugae | irregular ridges of mucous membrane on hard palate that extent lateral from incisive papilla, and anterior part of the median palatal raphe |
Pedicle Flap | mucoperiosteal flap created during tooth extraction that has two releasing incisions |
Periodontium (peri-ah-dont-tee-uhm) | supporting structures of the teeth |
Vomeronasal Organ | also known as Jacobs Organ. a sensory organ of the oral cavity of dogs that's involved in the detection of pheromones, and other chemical compounds |
Medical Administration Record | a legal document that becomes part of the patient medical records used by healthcare facilities to document all drugs administered in a patient |
Do Not Use List | list provided by the Joint Commission of dangerous abbreviations, symbols, and acronyms that must be avoided to prevent medical errors |
Tertiary Intention Healing (tur-shee-eh-ree) | healing of a wound that's initially cleaned and debrided, observed for development of infection for about 4 days, then surgically closed |
Medication Reconciliation | process of creating the most accurate list of all meds a patient is taking |
Triangular Flap | mucoperiosteal flap created during tooth extraction that has 1 releasing incision |
Scaler | dental tool used to remove debris like plaque and calculus from teeth |
Radioplaque | radiographic term for anatomic structures that are radiodense |
Radiolucent | radiographic term for anatomic soft tissue structures |
Parrot Mouth | development disorder in horses where the lower jaw is shorter that the upper jaw |
Monkey Mouth | development disorder of horses where the maxilla is shorter than the mandible |
Modified Triadan System | method to consistently number teeth across animal species |
Malocclusion | incorrect tooth and jaw alignment |
Exodontics | treatment of tooth problems by extraction |
Envelop Flap | mucoperiosteal flap created during a tooth extraction and has no releasing incisions |
Endodontics | treatment of the inside of a tooth and periapical (rear apex) tissues |
Armamentarium (aar-muh-muhn-teh-ree-uhm) | all equipment used in practice of medicine |
Bistoury | narrow bladed surgical knife used to open abscesses and make small incisions |
Agglutination (ah-glute-in-ation) | cell clumping by antibodies reacting to components of surface antigens |
Kymograph | instrument that measures and records pulse-pressure variations |
Leptospirosis (lep-tuh-spai-row-suhs) | infectious canine disease, part of routine dog vaccination |
Cloaca (klow-ay-kuh) | urogential chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary and generative canals discharge |
Popliteal | region behind knee |
Hemal Processes | bony canals that protect the artery and vein located on the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies |
Thoracentesis (thora-sin-tee-sis) | aspiration of accumulated air or fluid from the pleural cavity |
Peritonitis (pear-ah-tuh-nai-tuhs) | inflammation of the peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity) |
Abdominocentesis (abdomino-sin-tee-sis) | a surgical needle puncture of the abdomen to withdraw fluid for diagnostic tests |
Coccygeal (kaak-si-jee-uhl) | tail area |
Mediastinum | the mass of tissue and organs separating the two lungs |
Gulick | measures muscle mass |
Goniometer (go-nee-am-eter) | measures range of motion of distal joints |
Primiparous (prime-ip-arus) | giving birth for the first time |
Meconium (muh-cone-ium) | first feces passed by a newborn shortly after birth |
Diathermy Knife | electrode-tipped blade used to coagulate tissue or small blood vessels |
Duodenal (doo-uh-dee-nuhl) | pertaining to duodenum |
Duodenum (doo-owe-dee-num) | first of proximal portion of small intestines |
Ophthalmoscope (aaf-thal-muh-scope) | instrument that directs fine beams of light into eye to examine its interior |
Resuscitator | artificial respiration device that forces oxygen into lungs |
Integumentary (inte-gu-mentary) | pertaining to skin of the body |
Sphygmograph (spyg-mo-graph) | instrument used for measuring and recording arterial pulse |
Xyster (zy-ster) | surgical instrument for scraping bones |
Contraindications | Specific situations in which a drug isn't to be used because it may cause harm to the patient |
Drug Regimen | A plan for drug administration that includes the specific drug, route, dosage, frequency, and duration |
Pharamacokinetics | The action of the body on an administered drug or movement of the drug through the body (involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) |
Pharmacodynamics | The action of a drug on the body and the mechanism of its action |
Bioavailability | The degree to which a drug is absorbed into the body and available at the site of action |
Blood-Brain Barrier | The barrier formed by capillaries that prevents certain substances from entering the brain from the blood |
Parenteral Administration | Nonoral routes of administration—specifically, administration by injection into the body, including intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, and other routes of injection |
Frick Speculum | An instrument used in cattle through which an orogastric tube is passed |
Conversion Factor | A numerical value that relates one unit of measure to another |
Apothecary System | An older, rarely used system for volume and weight measurement in pharmacy |
Concentration | The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent (strength of a drug or substance) |
Milliequivalent | A unit of measure that expresses the combining power of a substance; often used for electrolytes |
Autonomic Nervous System | Controls involuntary, unconscious bodily activity and responses |
Dissociative Agent | An anesthetic characterized by catalepsy, catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia (but loss of consciousness may not occur) |
Neuroleptanalgesic | A combination of a narcotic analgesic and tranquilizer (neuroleptic) that provides strong analgesic and tranquilizing effects |
Expectorant | A drug that loosens mucus to facilitate its expulsion from the respiratory tract |
Monoamine Oxidase | An enzyme that degrades dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine |
Antitussive | A cough-suppressing drug |
Methylxanthines | Bronchodilators that work by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzyme |
Erythropoietin | A hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors | Used to prevent urate urolithiasis in Dalmatians due to a defect in uric acid metabolism |
Stroke Volume | The volume of blood that's pumped by the heart's left ventricle in a single contraction |
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) | Controls blood pressure and sodium homeostasis |
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ) | A zone in the medulla of the brainstem that can induce vomiting when stimulated |
Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
Gonadotropins | Hormonal drugs that mimic the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone |
Pheromones | Chemical substances produced and released by animals that affect the behavior or physiology of other animals of its species |
Euthyroid | The state of normal production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland |
Insulinoma | A pancreatic tumor that secretes large amounts of insulin |
Bovine Somatotropin | A growth hormone used to increase milk and meat production in cattle |
Mydriatics | Drugs used to dilate the pupils |
Miotics | Drugs used to constrict the pupils |
Tonometer | An instrument for measuring intraocular pressure |
Proparacaine | A topical anesthetic used for the eye prior to measuring intraocular pressure with a tonometer |
Otodectes Cynotis | A common ear mite that can cause otitis externa in animals |
Keratolytic | Promotes loosening of the epidermis to help remove scaling |
Astringents | A substance that causes skin contraction, closes pores, and reduces oily skin |
Antipruritics | A substance used to reduce itching |
Granulation Tissue | Scar tissue |
Bacteriostatic | Capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria |
Bactericidal | Capable of killing bacteria |
Culture and Sensitivity Test | A test to identify the most effective antimicrobial to kill a pathogenic microorganism |
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) | The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that can kill or stop the growth of a microorganism |
Zoonotic | Refers to a disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals |
Helminth | A parasitic worm |
Nematodes | Roundworms |
Cestodes | Parasitic flatworms or tapeworms |
Trematodes | Parasitic flukes |
Insect-Growth Regulators (IGRs) | Mimic the natural IGRs of insects, resulting in high levels of IGRs that interfere with flea larva development |
Nociceptors | Pain Receptors |
Pyrogen | A substance that raises the body temperature, causing fever |
Cyclooxygenase (COX) | Enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin |
Nerve Block | Blocking a plexus or ganglion with an anesthetic to quiet pain in the corresponding area of the body |
Equivalents | A measure of the number of particles in a solution |
Osmotic Pressure | The pressure needed to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis; influences the rate at which water moves from the side of a membrane with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration |
Crystalloid Solution | A balanced electrolyte solution that's used to expand total extracellular volume |
Colloid Solution | A solution that exerts a high oncotic pressure with proteins and polysaccharides and pulls water into the circulatory system |
Erythropoietin | A kidney hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells |
Intrinsic Pathway | A clotting system activated by injury to the endothelial layer; leads to thrombus formation |
Extrinsic Pathway | A clotting system activated by tissue and blood vessel damage, leading to vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in the area of damage |
Adjuvant | Added to killed vaccines to enhance stimulation of the immune system |
Polyvalent Vaccine | A mixed vaccine that immunizes against more than one strain of the same microorganism or against two or more microorganisms |
Stem Cells | Cells that can develop into specialized cell types in the body |
Nutraceuticals | Food products that provide health benefits with roles in disease prevention and treatment |
FOB Destination | Describes the point at which, once a shipment is delivered, that freight becomes the property of the purchaser |
FOB Shipping Point | Situation in which the title of ownership for goods passes from the vendor to the purchaser as soon as a carrier receives the goods from the vendor |
FOB | Free On Board |