amount lethal for 50% of test group

millimeter (1/1000 meter, 0.039 in.)

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Vet Tech-PennFoster

associates degree in veterinary technology - sem. 1&2

Term	Definition
aa	equal parts
AC	agriculture Canada
AI	artificial insemination
BHC	benzene hexachloride
ca. , circa	about, approximately
cal. , C.	small calorie
Cal. , C.	large calorie (kilocalorie)
CM3	cubic centimeter
cq	centigram (1/100 gram)
cm	centimeter (1/100 meter)
cu	cubic
dr.	drams
EEG	electroencophalogram
EKG/ECG	electrocardiogram
fl.	fluid
g, gm	gram (0.035oz)
IM	intramuscular
IP	intraperitoneal
IU	international unit(s)
IV	intravenous
kg	kilogram (1,000 grams)
l	liter (1.057 liquid qts)
LD50	amount lethal for 50% of test group
m	meter (39.37 in.)
mA	milliampere
mAs	milliampere-second(s)
ME	metabolize energy
mg	milligram (1/1000 gram)
ml	milliliter (1/1000 liter)
MLD	minimum lethal dose
mm	millimeter (1/1000 meter, 0.039 in.)
NB	note well
NF	national formulary
ppb	parts per billion
ppm	parts per million
q.s. ad	quantity sufficient to make
q.v.	which see
R	roentgen (x-ray)
SC	subcutaneous
TDN	total digestible nutrients
U.	unit
U.S.P.	united states pharmacopeia
viz.	namely
ANTE-	before, forward
AD-	toward, near
AB-	away from
AUTO-	self
ANTI-	against
ANA-	up, apart
AN- , A-	no, not, without
BRADY-	deficient, under
BI- , DI-	two
CYANO-	blue
CON- , COM- , CO-	with, together
CHROMO-	color
CHLORO-	green
DIS-	apart, away from
DIA-	through, between, apart, across, completely
DYS-	bad, painful
DECI-	one-tenth
DE-	down, lack of
EXTRA-	outside of
EX-	out
EPI-	above, upon
ENDO-	within, in, inner
EC- , ECTO-	outside
ERYTHRO-	red
HYPO-	below, deficient
HYPER-	excessive, above
HEXA-	six
HEMI-	half
INTRA-	within
INTER-	between
INFRA-	below, beneath
IN-	in, into
LEUKO-	white
META-	beyond, change
MULTI-	many
MONO-	one, single
MICRO-	small
MELANO-	black
MAL-	bad
MACRO-	large
NEO-	new
PRO- , PROS-	before, forward
PRE-	before
POST-	after, behind
PERI-	surrounding
PARA-	near, alongside
PSEUDO-	false
POLY-	many, much
PENT-	five
PAN-	all
QUADR-	four
RETRO-	behind, backward
RE-	back, again
SUPRA-	above, upper
SUB-	beneath, less than
SYM-, SYN-	with, together
TRANS-	across, through
TRI-	three
TACHY-	fast
ULTRA-	beyond
XANTH-	yellow
-ARY, -AR	pertaining to
-AL, -EAL, -IAL	pertaining to
-AC, -IAC	pertaining to
-ALGIA	pain
-CENTESIS	puncture and
-DYNIA	pain
-ELLA	small
-ECTOMY	surgical removal
-EMIA	blood condition
-GRAPHY	process of recording
-GENIC	producing, forming
-INE	pertaining to
-IC, -ICAL	pertaining to
-IATRIC	medical treatment
-IA	condition, disease
-ITIS	inflammation
-LYSIS	separation
-LEPSY	seizure or attack
-MEGALY	enlargement
-MALACIA	softening
-OUS	characteristic of
-OID	resembling
-OPSY	view of, vision
-OMA	tumor or mass
-OSIS	abnormal condition
-PLASTY	formation, plastic repair of, surgical repair
-PLAST	cell, living substance
-PATHY	disease
-PENIA	deficiency
-PLEGIA	paralysis
-PNEA	breathing
-RRHEXIS	breaking open
-RRHEA	flow, discharge
-RRHAGE	bursting forth
-STOMY	opening
-SCOPY	visual examination
-SCLEROSIS	hardening
-TOMY	incision, cutting
-ULAR	pertaining to
-VOROUS	eating
ADEN/O-	gland
ARTERI/O-	artery
ARTHR/O-	joint
BLEHOAR/O-	eyelid
BRONCH/O-	windpipe, throat
CARDI/O-	heart
CEPHAL/O-	head
CEREBR/O-	brain
CHIR/O-	hand
CHOL/O-	bile
CHONDR/O-	cartilage
COL/O-	lower intestine
COLP/O-	vagina
COR/O-	pupil of eye
CORTIC/O-	cortex
COST/O-	rib
CRIN/O-	secrete
CYST/O-	bladder, cyst
CYT/O-	cell
DACRY/O-	tears
DEM/O-	people
DENT/I- , DENT/O-	tooth
DERMAT/O-	skin
DEXTR/O-	right side
EMBRY/O-	embryo
ENCEPHAL/O-	brain
ENTER/O-	intestine
FIBR/O-	fibrous
GASTR/O-	stomach
GERONT/O-	old age
GLOSS/O-	tongue
GYNEC/O-	woman, female
HEM/A- , HEM/O- , HEMAT/O-	blood
HEPAT/O-	liver
HIST/O-	tissue
HYDR/O-	water
HYSTER/O-	uterus, womb
ILI/O-	flank, upper hipbone
IMMUN/O-	protected
INTERN/O-	within, inner
IRID/O-	iris of eye
LABI/O-	lip
LAPAR/O-	flank, abdominal wall
LARYNG/O-	ear, nose, windpipe, larynx
LIP/O-	fat
MAST/O-	breast
METR/O-	uterus
MUSCUL/O-	muscle
MYEL/O-	marrow, spinal cord
MY/O-	muscle
NAT/O-	birth
NEPHR/O-	kidney
NEUR/O-	nerve
OBSTETR/O-	midwife
ODONT/O-	tooth
ONC/O-	tumor
OPHTHALM/O- , OPT/O-	eye
ORCHID/O-	testes
ORTH/O-	straight
OSS/I- , OSTE/O-	bone
OT/O-	ear
OV/I-	egg
PATH/O-	disease
PED/O- , PEDI/A-	child
PHARMAC/O-	drug, medicine
PHARYNG/O-	pharynx
PHLEB/O-	vein
PLEUR/O-	rib, side of body
PNEUM/O-	lung, air
POD/O- , PED/I-	foot
POLI/O-	gray matter
PROCT/O-	anus, rectum
PSYCH/O-	mind
PULM/O-	lung
PYEL/O-	pelvis
REN/I-	kidney
SACR/O-	sacrum
SANGU/I-	blood
SARC/O-	flesh
SER/O-	serum, blood
SIAL/O-	salivary glands
SOMAT/O-	body
SPONDYL/O-	vertebra
STOMAT/O-	mouth
THORAC/O-	chest
THROMB/O-	blood clot
TRACHE/O-	windpipe, throat
TRICH/O-	hair
URETHR/O-	urethra
URIN/O- , UR/O-	urine
UTER/O-	womb, uterus
VAS/O-	vessel
VEN/O-	vein
VENTR/O-	abdomen
Negative Reinforcement	refers to any immediate unpleasant occurrence used to create a desired behavior
Environmental History	the animals most recent living situation
Pig Catcher	a long-handled, large clamp with a rope that holds the ends of the clamp shut
Punishment	used to decrease rather than increase a behavior
Positive Punishment	involves adding an undesirable occurrence to decrease a behavior
Otoscope	an instrument used to inspect the ear of an animal. an essential diagnostic tool to determine types of infections and see foreign bodies in the ear canal
Intellectual Property	an idea, invention, or process that comes from the work of the mind or intellect
APA	american psychological association
DOI	digital object identifier
Command-Response-Reward	giving a command and rewarding immediately, everytime a desired response is performed
Clicker Training	used to signal to an animal it performed the correct behavior
Spraying	staining vertical surfaces with strong smelling urine
Territorial	prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise, and play
Postparturition	the period of time after giving birth to offspring
Breed Defect	any undesirable characteristic that may be genetically passed from one generation to the next
Sociobiology	study of the biological basis of social behavior
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC)	evaluates all operational aspects of the biomedical research facility
Veterinary Technician	graduate of an AVMA and/or CVTEA accredited veterinary technology program
Veterinary Assistant	a person who's trained on the job or completes a vocational program
Negative Punishment	involves removing a desirable occurrence to decrease a behavior
Imprinting	rapid learning process that enables the very young to recognize and bond with their caretaker
Sensitive Period	period of time when imprinting occurs
Nature vs Nurture Controversy	classical ethology views animal behavior as primarily instinctive vs animal psychology which views animal behavior as primarily learned
Social Behavior	ways individual members of the same species interact with one another
Aggression	behavior bred from an impulse to harm another being
Socialization	process of adapting to contact with others
Fear Induced Aggression	occurs when an animal is in a position from which it cannot escape
Extinction	involves removing problem behavior by completely removing reinforcement for the behavior
Aversion Therapy	creating a relationship between unpleasant stimulus and an object that the animal may be marking, chewing, or damaging
Euthanasia	act of killing a hopelessly sick or injured animal in a painless way
Animal Welfare Act	group of federal law designed to ensure that lab animals receive the best care possible
Controlled Substances Act	federal law that controls the manufacture, purchase, and distribution of certain drugs
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	created to ensure safe and effective food, drugs, and medical devices
Dominance Aggression / Conflict-Related Aggression	aggression that may occur when the owner attempts to assert dominance over it. (like taking away a toy)
Dance	complex pattern of movements by a bee that directs other bees to a food source
Veterinary Practice Manager (VPM)	responsible for all business aspects of the practice
Reception Area	coordination center where clients are first greeted
Exam Room	where you meet VT or VA and have the animals health assessed
Surgical Suite	1 room for prep, 1 room for surgical procedures, 1 room for recovery. clients do not enter these rooms
Treatment Area	center of practice. where patients receive meds or have diagnostic procedures done
Isolation Area	consists of different sized cages for animals with easily transmitted diseases
Laboratory Animal Technician (LAT)	oversees daily animal care in biomedical research companies and educational institutions
Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician (ALAT)	helps LAT care for animals in biomedical research facilities and educational institutions
Wildlife Rehabilitator	cares for injured and orphaned wild animals. wildlife rehabilitator license required
Zoo Animal Caretaker	responsible for daily feeding and observation of captive wild animals
Animal Shelter Aide	cares for stray and abandoned animals at shelters and humane societies
Animal Control Officer (ACO)	employed by state/county agencies and is responsible for stray animal control and enforcement of animal license and leash laws
Professional Associations	memberships to keep VT's and VA's informed on trends in the field. offers networking for jobs
Jugular Vein	venipuncture site on front of neck
Lateral Recumbency / Reclining Restraint	animal restrained on its side and stretched out
Occlude	in venipuncture, to block or hold off a vein by pressing on it with your finger, allowing blood to pool in the vein
Venipuncture	puncturing a vein to collect blood, administer meds, or pass a catheter
Saphenous Vein	venipuncture site on outer surface of the hind leg
Slip Leash	a leash of flat or braided nylon with a ring at the end. designed to tighten momentarily the way a training collar does
Sternum	breastbone
Sternal Recumbency	animal placed on its sternum at the edge of the table, its front legs extending off the edge of the table
Muzzle	any device applied around the animals nose and mouth to prevent it from biting
Territorial Aggression	refers to aggressive tendencies related to territory. dogs protect home from other people and cats protect home from other cats
Desensitization	diminishing a certain behavior by slowly exposing the animal to the stimulus that creates the poor response
Manual Restraint	using your hands to hold an animal in the desired position
Chemical Restraint	use of sedatives, tranquilizers, and anesthetics on an animal
Mechanical Restraint	use of equipment such as leashes, collars, restraint bags, and poles on an animal
Training Collar	stainless steel links with a ring at each end, forming a dog collar designed to tighten momentarily with a short, firm tug
Head Snare	long metal or heavy duty plastic, tubular handle with a thick retractable wire inside it, forming a loop designed to be pulled out, slipped over the head and quickly tightened
Involuntary/Unconditioned Response	a simple reflex, like a knee jerk after the doctor taps it
Natural Selection	the process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment
Species	classification given to a group of animals who can produce young
Evolution	a natural process of slow change and development that gradually leads to new species of plants and animals over a very long time
Behavior Modification Programs	training courses that use rewards and reprimands to stimulate changes in behavior
Wobble	a training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand it's perched on a couple of inches
Conflict Related Aggression	arises when a dog is exposed to uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus or conflict
Predatory Aggression	different from other forms since animal gives no warning in the form of a growl, etc.
Inter-Male Aggression	natural instinct between males of the same species. nearly eliminated by neutering
Catching Net	a net, usually attached to the end of a long-handled wooden pole. used to remove single birds from a flock
Committee on Veterinary Technology Education and Activities (CVTEA)	accredits veterinary technology programs
Veterinary Medicine Board	group of veterinarians selected by a govenor to oversee a states veterinary medicine
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)	the FDA branch that monitors the animal health industry, administering the sections of the food and drug and cosmetic act that pertain to animals
Hospital Ward	for confinement and pre/post surgery
Behaviorism	says behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed
Avoidance Therapy	use of negative reinforcement to diminish problem behavior
Counter Conditioning	replaces undesirable behavior with a desirable one
Snubbing Rope	a rope with a loop at one end, tied with a slip knot so the loop can be tightened. used to restrain a captured pigs head
Cephalic Vein	venipuncture site along the front of the foreleg
Unconditioned Stimulus	something that creates an unconditioned response
Comedones	skin lesions that resemble blackheads
Classical Ethology	says much of what animals know is instinctive, or innate
Ethology	study of animal behavior
Instinct	an animals natural and inherent ability to perform such tasks as hunting, feeding and mating
Fixed Action Patterns	stereotypical or predictable behaviors
Operant Conditioning	association of an activity with reward or punishment
Tympanic Membrane	the membrane that covers the ear drum
Ophthalmoscope	instrument used to see the interior chamber of the eye, where signs of disease and trauma can sometimes be seen
Stanchion	an opening at the front of a cattle chute that holds the head in place
Milking Hobbles	two metal bands, connected by a length of chain, used to prevent a cow from kicking
Thoracic Area	the chest cavity on an animal
Ventral	directional term - toward the anterior or front
Caudal	directional term - toward the tail
Seizure	a short circuit in the brain that makes the animal lose control over its body
Mouth Gag	a wedge-shaped structure that prevents a horse from biting down while its mouth is being examined
Head Catch	the part of a stall or chute that traps cattle by the head. also known as a head clamp, neck yoke, or squeeze chute
Hog Snare	a pole with a loop at the end that can be tightened over a pigs snout
Heart Girth Tape	a flexible tape measure that weighs a horse by measuring its girth just behind the elbow in its heart area
Scruff (Scruffing)	grasping the loose skin behind neck; often restraint for cats, rabbits, and ferrets
Palpation	examining body parts by touch
Cardiovascular System	the body system that circulates blood
Capillary Refill Time	the time it takes for the vessels in the mucous membranes to return to normal after being pressed
Symmetrical	even. in size and shape
Cradle	a device that consists of wooden slats or round rods woven together that go around a horses neck to keep it straight and to prevent the horse from chewing at itself
Stocks	narrow enclosures that partially immobilize a horse for treatment
Casting Rope	a rope used to place an enclosed animal on its side
Keel	the breastbone of a bird
Neuro Hammer	an exam tool used by the vet to check an animals reflexes
Erythroderma	a medical term meaning reddened skin
Auscultation	listening for sounds produced within the body
Perfuse	to pump; in the animal, the body's ability to pump blood
Halter	gear composed of a noseband and a throat latch that encircles the head of large animals, like a horse, allowing a lead to be attached for restraint
Cross Tie	restraint method that restricts an animals side to side head movement by tying two ropes to the halter and to the cross tie rings in the barn or transpo trailer
Hobble	a leather strap fastened around an animals legs to restrict movement
Lead	a guide leash made of leather or rope, that attaches to a halter and allows you to hold or guide the animal
Alopecia	loss of hair on the body
Chain Twitch	a horse restraint that's usually made of a long, wooden handle with a loop of stainless steel chain at one end. designed to distract a horse by stimulating its nerves
Chain Shank	a long leather lead or rope with about two feet of chain and a snap hook at one end. used to distract a horse
Cattle Chute	a cattle exam area large enough for one. often with poles for cross tying and an opening for holding the animals head
Nasal Septum	tissue between the nostrils
Progress Notes	the portion of a medical chart devoted to ongoing patient evaluations, arranged using the SOAP format
Signalment	the overall patient description
SOAP Format	an acronym for the four divisions of the progress notes sections of the patient record. subjective, objective, assessment, plan or procedure
Master Problem List	the first page of a veterinary medical chart that serves as an index or table of contents for the rest of the record
Peristalsis	involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
Pulmonary Edema	fluid accumulation in the lungs
Pulse Deficits	distinct differences between the point at which the heart beats and the point at which a pulse beat is felt. the pulse should be felt directly after the heart beats
Veterinary Practice Act	set of laws that govern veterinary medicine in a particular state
Bull Staff	restraint equipment for cattle that consists of a long-handled metal rod with a large hook on one end that clips to the nose ring, helping to restrain the head
Respiratory System	the body system that takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
Integumentary System	the skin and attached structures, like the hair
Hurdle	flat, shield-like piece of plastic or plywood three feet square used to direct a group of pigs into an enclosure
Tail Tying	technique that involves tying an animals tail out of the way for certain procedures
Body Systems History	detailed questions about the body system(s) involved in the presenting problem(s)
Bilateral	occurring on or having two sides
Nose Lead	large metal tongs with large ball shaped ends, designed to hold the heads of cattle in place
Positive Reinforcement	refers to any immediate pleasant occurrence that follows a behavior and can be used to reinforce desired behaviors. must occur within 20 seconds to be effective.
Cat Bag	a restraint device used to enclose a cats body while providing access to the treatment sites
Tail Jacking	used to prevent an animal from kicking. used for minor technical procedures. involves lifting the tail in line with the animals spine to avoid fracturing the vertebrae
Classical Conditioning	association of stimuli that happens at about the same time or in roughly the same area
American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA)	accredits voluntary complying practices
Function	in ethological terms, survival value
Naturalists	natural scientists
Instrumental Learning	learning by trial and error
Avoidance Conditioning	learning that aggression will avoid the conflict
Habituation	process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored
Papillae	a pimple-like structure that can be found in the ear canal, choana, etc
Papule	a hard pimple-like skin bump
Forceps	an instrument that grasps small rodents and allows easy transport; any of various instruments used to grasp and pull objects
Fetal Hold	technique of grasping a cat by the scruff of the neck
Medial	directional term - toward the middle
Nares	nostrils
Catching Hook	a hook, usually about 5 inches long, attached to a long-handled pole for catching fowl
Acrylic Rodent Restrainer	used for mouse and rat venipuncture; a clear plastic tube with holes drilled into it
Choana	a slit-like opening on the roof of the mouth of a bird
Intervertebral Disk Disease	deteriorated cushions between the vertebrae
Vertebrae	the bones of the spine
Stimulus Response Theory (of psychology)	says all complex forms of behavior including emotions, thoughts, and habits are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured
Elizabethan Collar	a circular plastic shield collar used to prevent an animal from chewing at its bandages
Dorsal	directional term - toward the back
Cranial	directional term - toward the head
V-Trough	a v-shaped trough usually made of plywood, used to restrain a pig on its back
Presenting Problem	the reason the animal is at the vet clinic
Rales	abnormal crackling sounds heard in the lungs
Zoonosis	disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans
Wick	thin, absorbent thread inserted into body cavity for drainage
Toxoplasmosis	contagious disease of all species caused by toxoplasma gondii
Spirograph	instrument used to record tracing of respiratory movements
Speculum	instrument that holds open a cavity, especially the vagina or ear, for inspection
Sound	rod-like instrument with a curved end, used to explore or dilate body structures
Snare	wire noose used for surgical removal of tumors or polyps by the roots
Inguinal	groin
Iliac	hipbone
Hypogastric	areas below the stomach
Hypochondrum	region below cartilage of ribs
Genital	pertaining to reproductive organs
Extremities	terminal portions; legs, feet, hooves, and paws
Exocrine	external secretion of a gland
Excretory	relating to discharge of waste
Scope	flexible fiberoptic instrument for inspection of the body interior
Retractor	instrument that draws aside edges of skin or tissue to expose operational site
Polyuria	excessive urination
Polyphagia	excessive appetite
Polydipsia	excessive thirst
Parainfluenza	viral infection of respiratory tract; part of routine dog vaccination
Palpate	examine by touch
Nebulizer	device that applies a fine mist
Epidermal	relating to outer layer of skin
Endocrine	secreting internally; relating to endocrine glands
Dorsal Recumbency	laying on back
Dorsal	back of animal
Distal	direction away from point of origin
Probe	thin, flexible, metal rod with a blunt end. used to explore cavities and wounds
Proctoscope	hollow, tube shaped instrument for inspection of the rectum
Regional Anesthesia	anesthesia applied to a limb or entire section of body
Respirometer	device used to measure extent of respiration
Respirator	device inflating lungs with a mix of oxygen and air to maintain respiration
Fascial	connective tissue membrane
Frontal	forehead
Femoral	thigh
Fecal	relating to feces (stool or excrement)
Genetic	relating to biological heredity
Gluteal	buttock
Groin	region between abdomen and thigh
Digestive	regarding conversion of food into chemical substances the body uses
Diastolic	regarding relaxation of heart muscle, allowing heart chambers to fill with blood
Diaphragmatic	pertaining to diaphragm
Float	instrument used to file or rasp a horse's premolar and molar teeth
Feline Urolithiasis	condition in cats; caused by mineral deposits in urinary tract
Feline Panleukopenia	viral leukemia of cats, usually fatal
Myotherapy	trigger-point massage
Cross-Matching	tests compatibility of recipient and donor blood or tissue
Colloid Fluid	synthetic fluids that expand volume dur to oncotic drag by exerting a high oncotic pressure
Crystalloid Fluid	a balanced isotonic electrolyte
Oncotic Pressure	pressure exerted on capillary walls by plasma proteins
Endangerment Sites	body areas too delicate for massage therapy
Placentitis	infection of a mare's placenta
Menace Response	head movement or blink of an eye in response to a threatening gesture; used to assess vision in animals
Congenital	defect or disease present at birth
Retention Enema	enema delivered using a Foley catheter with the balloon inflated
Mastitis	inflammation of the mammary gland
Esophagus	tubular food passage between the neck and stomach
Cord Clamp	flexible band used to compress or close off an opening
Curette	spoon-shaped instrument used to scrape tissue from body cavities
Cystoscope	instrument used to view interior bladder
Drain	tube or wick used to draw fluid from a body cavity or surface
Endoscope	slender, tubular instrument used for viewing and examining interior body parts
Drain Tube	tube used to drain fluid from inside the body
Feline Infectious	infectious inflammation of the peritoneum of cats' peritonitis
Digital	pertaining to fingers or toes
Muscle Tissue	tissue with the power to contract and thus produce movement; can be skeletal muscle, smooth muscle or cardiac muscle
Nerve Tissue	tissue that carries nerve impulses
Epithelial Tissue	tissue that protects, lines, or invests body organs
Mammory	breasts
Lymphatic	pertaining to lymph or lymphatic vessels
Lumbar	pertaining to lower back
Lateral Recumbency	laying on left or right side
Lateral	away from the middle
Larynx	upper part of the trachea (windpipe)
Invest	cover or surround a part of the body
Dental	pertaining to teeth or dentistry
Deciduous	falling out at end of a stage or season; first set of teeth
Cutaneous	relating to skin
Cubital	elbow or forearm
Crural	leg
Cranial (position)	towards the head
Diaphragm	muscular wall dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities
Involuntary Muscle	muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by nervous system tissue
Medial	the middle; toward midline
Midsagittal	a line dividing the body at its exact median, into two near mirror images (medial)
Mucous (adjective)	secreting mucous or covered by mucous
Mucous (noun)	slippery secretion of mucous membranes; acts like lubrication
Coupage	a technique to help clear lung secretions; performed by gently, but firmly, hitting the chest with cupped hands
Foley Catheter	a sterile, thin flexible tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine that can be left in place for a period of time
Collateral	secondary or accessory
Connective Tissue	tissue specializing in connection and support of body parts
Copulatory	pertaining to sexual intercourse
Coronary	regarding heart
Costal	ribs
Cranial	pertaining to space enclosed by the skull; holds brain and pituitary gland
Thrombosis	blood clot formation in a blood vessel
California Mastisis Test (CMT)	a rapid "animal-side" milk test to check for the presence of mastitis by determining the somatic cell count
Fenestrated Tube	a rubber tube/catheter with multiple holes in its distal end
Colostrum	antibody-rich milk substance secreted from the mammary glands soon after childbirth
Phlebitis	vein inflammation
Palmar	bottom of front foot
Patellar	knee
Pedal	foot
Perineal	region between anus and genitals
Peritoneum	membrane investing abdominal cavity and viscera
Plantar	bottom of rear foot
Pleural Cavity	space between lungs and pleura
Posterior	the back
Proximal	area near point of origin
Quadrants	1 of 4 sections in abdomino-pelvic area
Recumbent	laying down
Respiratory	pertaining to exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and body cells
Rostral	directional term. toward the nose. use when referring to areas on the head
Kushing	camelids' tendency to lie down in sternal recumbency
Cardiac Muscle Tissue	specialized form of involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart
Cardiac	pertaining to the heart
Capillary	smallest blood vessels
Cardiovascular	pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
Carpal	the wrist
Caudal	directional term. towards the tail
Celiac	abdomen
Cavity	space or hollow within the body
Cephalic	head
Cerebral	pertaining to brain, cerebrum
Cilia	small hair-like structures
Cervical	pertaining to the neck or cervix
Circulartory	pertaining to blood circulation
Epigastric	region above stomach
Lancet	wide, two-edged, pointed surgical knife
Ligature	nylon, wire, or catgut tied around a structure to prevent bleeding
Local Anesthesia	anesthesia used to numb a specific area without causing a loss of consciousness
Brachial	arm, upper front leg
Bronchial	pertaining to air tubes of lungs
Buccal	inner surfaces of cheeks
Inhalator	device that administers medicinal vapors
Fluoroscope	fluorescent screen on which xrays may be viewed
Hemostat	device used to stop or prevent hemorraging
Hypodermic	needle and syringe used for injection under the skin
Arterial	pertaining to arteries or the blood in them
Articular	pertaining to a joint
Autonomic	occurring involuntarily
Axial	trunk and skull (skeleton)
Axillary	armpit area (front leg)
Bowel	division of intestine
Appendicular	legs (appendages, extremities)
Aortic	the aorta (largest artery)
Anterior	nearer the front of the body or to the head
Antebrachial	the forearm, lower front leg
Anatomical Position	standing on all 4 legs, neck straight, head up and facing forward
Alimentary	pertaining to food or nutrition (alimentary canal)
Adipose	fat
Abdominal	space between diaphragm and hip bones; houses the major digestive organs
Clamp	surgical instrument used to compress blood vessels or close off end of the intestine
Catheter	tube inserted into a narrow opening for removal or introduction of fluids
Cardiomyopathy	chronic disorder of the heart, common in dogs
Canine Parvovirus	virus that causes a deadly disease in dogs
Canine Distemper	viral disease of dogs marked by fever and respiratory problems
Autoclave	device used to sterilize instruments with pressurized, super heated steam
Aspirator	hollow instrument used to withdraw fluid, especially from body cavities, cysts, and joints
Arthroscope	instrument inserted into joint cavity to inspect contents
Zygomatic	the cheek
Voluntary Muscle Tissue	muscle tissues controlled by conscious effort; also called skeletal muscle
Viscus (pl., viscera)	internal organs, particularly of abdominal cavity
Ventral	belly of animal
Vascular	relating to vessels for passage of bodily fluids
Urogenital	pertaining to organs of excretion and reproduction
Urinary	pertaining to system of urine secretion
Transverse (or cross-sectional) Plane	plane that divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts
Thoracic Cavity	space between neck and diaphragm; houses lungs
Temporal	side of skull
Tarsal	ankle or hock
Striated	striped, as in appearance of voluntary (skeletal) muscles
Sternal Recumbency	laying on belly
Spinal Cavity	spaces with vertebrae; houses spinal cord
Sagittal Plane	plane that divides body vertically into left and right parts
Sacral	portion of the spine located near the pelvis
Secondary Intention Healing	type of wound healing characterized by formation of granulation that fills a wound
Primary Intention Healing	wound healing that occurs when wound edges are approximated and granulation tissue formation doesn't occur
Emetic	a substance that induces vomiting
Transfaunation	the repopulation of ruminal microbes by transferring them from one animal to another
Tachypnea (ta-Kuhp-nee-uh)	increased respiratory rate
Cathartic	a purgative (laxative), decreases transit time
Adsorbent	a material that attracts chemicals that become trapped on the materials surface
Triage	assigning degrees of urgency to illnesses/wounds to determine the order of treatment in a group of patients
Pulse Pressure	difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Orthopnea (or-thaap-nee-uh)	maintaining a specific posture to make breathing easier
Obtundation (ob-tun-day-shn)	altered level of consciousness
Borborygmi (bor-br-ig-mai)	large intestinal motility sounds (rumbling/gurgling)
Bradypnea (braid-ip-nea)	decreased respiratory rate
Fluid Wave	palpation test for ascites
Ascites (as-ci-tes)	the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling
Palatal Rugae	irregular ridges of mucous membrane on hard palate that extent lateral from incisive papilla, and anterior part of the median palatal raphe
Pedicle Flap	mucoperiosteal flap created during tooth extraction that has two releasing incisions
Periodontium (peri-ah-dont-tee-uhm)	supporting structures of the teeth
Vomeronasal Organ	also known as Jacobs Organ. a sensory organ of the oral cavity of dogs that's involved in the detection of pheromones, and other chemical compounds
Medical Administration Record	a legal document that becomes part of the patient medical records used by healthcare facilities to document all drugs administered in a patient
Do Not Use List	list provided by the Joint Commission of dangerous abbreviations, symbols, and acronyms that must be avoided to prevent medical errors
Tertiary Intention Healing (tur-shee-eh-ree)	healing of a wound that's initially cleaned and debrided, observed for development of infection for about 4 days, then surgically closed
Medication Reconciliation	process of creating the most accurate list of all meds a patient is taking
Triangular Flap	mucoperiosteal flap created during tooth extraction that has 1 releasing incision
Scaler	dental tool used to remove debris like plaque and calculus from teeth
Radioplaque	radiographic term for anatomic structures that are radiodense
Radiolucent	radiographic term for anatomic soft tissue structures
Parrot Mouth	development disorder in horses where the lower jaw is shorter that the upper jaw
Monkey Mouth	development disorder of horses where the maxilla is shorter than the mandible
Modified Triadan System	method to consistently number teeth across animal species
Malocclusion	incorrect tooth and jaw alignment
Exodontics	treatment of tooth problems by extraction
Envelop Flap	mucoperiosteal flap created during a tooth extraction and has no releasing incisions
Endodontics	treatment of the inside of a tooth and periapical (rear apex) tissues
Armamentarium (aar-muh-muhn-teh-ree-uhm)	all equipment used in practice of medicine
Bistoury	narrow bladed surgical knife used to open abscesses and make small incisions
Agglutination (ah-glute-in-ation)	cell clumping by antibodies reacting to components of surface antigens
Kymograph	instrument that measures and records pulse-pressure variations
Leptospirosis (lep-tuh-spai-row-suhs)	infectious canine disease, part of routine dog vaccination
Cloaca (klow-ay-kuh)	urogential chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary and generative canals discharge
Popliteal	region behind knee
Hemal Processes	bony canals that protect the artery and vein located on the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies
Thoracentesis (thora-sin-tee-sis)	aspiration of accumulated air or fluid from the pleural cavity
Peritonitis (pear-ah-tuh-nai-tuhs)	inflammation of the peritoneum (lining of the abdominal cavity)
Abdominocentesis (abdomino-sin-tee-sis)	a surgical needle puncture of the abdomen to withdraw fluid for diagnostic tests
Coccygeal (kaak-si-jee-uhl)	tail area
Mediastinum	the mass of tissue and organs separating the two lungs
Gulick	measures muscle mass
Goniometer (go-nee-am-eter)	measures range of motion of distal joints
Primiparous (prime-ip-arus)	giving birth for the first time
Meconium (muh-cone-ium)	first feces passed by a newborn shortly after birth
Diathermy Knife	electrode-tipped blade used to coagulate tissue or small blood vessels
Duodenal (doo-uh-dee-nuhl)	pertaining to duodenum
Duodenum (doo-owe-dee-num)	first of proximal portion of small intestines
Ophthalmoscope (aaf-thal-muh-scope)	instrument that directs fine beams of light into eye to examine its interior
Resuscitator	artificial respiration device that forces oxygen into lungs
Integumentary (inte-gu-mentary)	pertaining to skin of the body
Sphygmograph (spyg-mo-graph)	instrument used for measuring and recording arterial pulse
Xyster (zy-ster)	surgical instrument for scraping bones
Contraindications	Specific situations in which a drug isn't to be used because it may cause harm to the patient
Drug Regimen	A plan for drug administration that includes the specific drug, route, dosage, frequency, and duration
Pharamacokinetics	The action of the body on an administered drug or movement of the drug through the body (involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination)
Pharmacodynamics	The action of a drug on the body and the mechanism of its action
Bioavailability	The degree to which a drug is absorbed into the body and available at the site of action
Blood-Brain Barrier	The barrier formed by capillaries that prevents certain substances from entering the brain from the blood
Parenteral Administration	Nonoral routes of administration—specifically, administration by injection into the body, including intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, and other routes of injection
Frick Speculum	An instrument used in cattle through which an orogastric tube is passed
Conversion Factor	A numerical value that relates one unit of measure to another
Apothecary System	An older, rarely used system for volume and weight measurement in pharmacy
Concentration	The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent (strength of a drug or substance)
Milliequivalent	A unit of measure that expresses the combining power of a substance; often used for electrolytes
Autonomic Nervous System	Controls involuntary, unconscious bodily activity and responses
Dissociative Agent	An anesthetic characterized by catalepsy, catatonia, analgesia, and amnesia (but loss of consciousness may not occur)
Neuroleptanalgesic	A combination of a narcotic analgesic and tranquilizer (neuroleptic) that provides strong analgesic and tranquilizing effects
Expectorant	A drug that loosens mucus to facilitate its expulsion from the respiratory tract
Monoamine Oxidase	An enzyme that degrades dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
Antitussive	A cough-suppressing drug
Methylxanthines	Bronchodilators that work by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzyme
Erythropoietin	A hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors	Used to prevent urate urolithiasis in Dalmatians due to a defect in uric acid metabolism
Stroke Volume	The volume of blood that's pumped by the heart's left ventricle in a single contraction
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)	Controls blood pressure and sodium homeostasis
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ)	A zone in the medulla of the brainstem that can induce vomiting when stimulated
Hematemesis	Vomiting of blood
Gonadotropins	Hormonal drugs that mimic the actions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone
Pheromones	Chemical substances produced and released by animals that affect the behavior or physiology of other animals of its species
Euthyroid	The state of normal production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
Insulinoma	A pancreatic tumor that secretes large amounts of insulin
Bovine Somatotropin	A growth hormone used to increase milk and meat production in cattle
Mydriatics	Drugs used to dilate the pupils
Miotics	Drugs used to constrict the pupils
Tonometer	An instrument for measuring intraocular pressure
Proparacaine	A topical anesthetic used for the eye prior to measuring intraocular pressure with a tonometer
Otodectes Cynotis	A common ear mite that can cause otitis externa in animals
Keratolytic	Promotes loosening of the epidermis to help remove scaling
Astringents	A substance that causes skin contraction, closes pores, and reduces oily skin
Antipruritics	A substance used to reduce itching
Granulation Tissue	Scar tissue
Bacteriostatic	Capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria
Bactericidal	Capable of killing bacteria
Culture and Sensitivity Test	A test to identify the most effective antimicrobial to kill a pathogenic microorganism
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)	The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that can kill or stop the growth of a microorganism
Zoonotic	Refers to a disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals
Helminth	A parasitic worm
Nematodes	Roundworms
Cestodes	Parasitic flatworms or tapeworms
Trematodes	Parasitic flukes
Insect-Growth Regulators (IGRs)	Mimic the natural IGRs of insects, resulting in high levels of IGRs that interfere with flea larva development
Nociceptors	Pain Receptors
Pyrogen	A substance that raises the body temperature, causing fever
Cyclooxygenase (COX)	Enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin
Nerve Block	Blocking a plexus or ganglion with an anesthetic to quiet pain in the corresponding area of the body
Equivalents	A measure of the number of particles in a solution
Osmotic Pressure	The pressure needed to stop water from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis; influences the rate at which water moves from the side of a membrane with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration
Crystalloid Solution	A balanced electrolyte solution that's used to expand total extracellular volume
Colloid Solution	A solution that exerts a high oncotic pressure with proteins and polysaccharides and pulls water into the circulatory system
Erythropoietin	A kidney hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells
Intrinsic Pathway	A clotting system activated by injury to the endothelial layer; leads to thrombus formation
Extrinsic Pathway	A clotting system activated by tissue and blood vessel damage, leading to vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in the area of damage
Adjuvant	Added to killed vaccines to enhance stimulation of the immune system
Polyvalent Vaccine	A mixed vaccine that immunizes against more than one strain of the same microorganism or against two or more microorganisms
Stem Cells	Cells that can develop into specialized cell types in the body
Nutraceuticals	Food products that provide health benefits with roles in disease prevention and treatment
FOB Destination	Describes the point at which, once a shipment is delivered, that freight becomes the property of the purchaser
FOB Shipping Point	Situation in which the title of ownership for goods passes from the vendor to the purchaser as soon as a carrier receives the goods from the vendor
FOB	Free On Board

Created by: c.vogel0815

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