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VTNE Practice 2
VTNE Animal Care/Nursing Exotic Animals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The feathered tracts in birds from which feathers originate are called: | Pterylae |
| Which of the following is responsible for sound generation in the bird? | Syrinx |
| The normal feces of a parrot contain which of the following? | Primarily Gram-positive organisms |
| The female rabbit is referred to as: | Doe |
| Alopecia at the tail tip, symmetrical alopecia along the trunk of the body, intense pruritus, and enlarged vulva are symptoms in the ferret that indicate what disease? | Adrenal Disease |
| Why is hay an important part of the rabbit diet? | High in calories and vitamin C |
| Why is UV-B lighting so important for herbivorous, insectivorous, and omnivorous lizards? | UV-B lighting is required for absorption of calcium and Vitamin D3 synthesis |
| The normal lifespan of a domestic ferret is: | 5-7 years |
| Night feces in the rabbit are also referred to as: | Cecotrophs |
| Which of the following is a common cause of upper respiratory disease in the prairie dog? | Odontoma |
| Which of the following species does not have a diaphragm? | Box turtle |
| What percentage of body weight is composed of bone in the rabbit? | 8% |
| A hamster presents to the clinic with the following symptoms: diarrhea, matting around the tail, lethargy, and a hunched abdomen. Which of the following diseases is most likely the causative agent? | Wet tail |
| Which of the following vessels is primarily used for blood collection in the African hedgehog? | Jugular |
| Which of the following mammals has a cloaca where the gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tract empty? | Sugar glider |
| The female guinea pig is referred to as a: | Sow |
| In ferrets, the heart is best auscultated between which of the following ribs? | 6th and 8th |
| Which of the following bones is pneumatic in the avian patient? | Femur |
| The captive diet of sugar gliders includes all of the following: | Insects, fruit, nectar |
| Rostral abrasions in the captive lizard are most commonly caused by: | Facial impact with terrarium walls |
| Clinical signs in a bird that include loose green feces, green urates, lethargy, inappetence, ascites, abnormal beak and nails, and poor feather quality are often indicative of: | Hepatic disease |
| Which of the following feathers are trimmed as part of the avian wing trim? | Primary feathers |
| Why is it important to maintain a reptile within its preferred optimal temperature zone (POTZ)? | The POTZ enables animals to metabolize drugs, to digest food properly, and to heal after an injury or surgery. |
| The term gravid is used for reptiles that are: | Oviparous |
| Which of the following is not present in the reptilian urinary system? | Loop of Henle |
| Which of the following is most commonly used to obtain a heart rate in a reptilian patient? | Doppler |
| A snake presents to the clinic for anorexia, striking at the owner, hissing, and a blue-opaque coloring to the eyes and skin. What is likely occurring in this snake? | It is about to shed its skin |
| Suitable bedding for the chinchilla includes all of the following: | Newspaper, recycled newspaper products, and Aspen shavings |
| Which of the following diagnostic tools is best used to evaluate real-time GI motility in the ferret? | Fluoroscopy |
| In the avian patient, what is the choana? | Opening at the roof of the mouth that connects the trachea to sinuses and the nares |
| The proper diet in a ferret contains: | 30%–40% protein and 15%–30% fat |
| Scruffing is not recommended in chinchillas because of which of the following potential issues: | Fur slip |
| Which of the following diseases causes upper respiratory tract signs including sinusitis, rhinitis, excessive tearing, snorting, sniffling, and nasal exudate? | Pasteurella multocida |
| A captive obese pet skunk presents with the following clinical signs: exercise intolerance, weight loss, lethargy, dyspnea, anorexia, coughing, ascites, pale mucous membranes, and cold extremities. What disease process is likely occurring? | Cardiomyopathy |
| You have been asked to obtain 10 mL of blood from one ferret for blood donation to another ferret. Which of the following vessels is most likely the best choice for venipuncture? | Cranial vena cava |
| Ferrets are vaccinated annually for which of the following diseases? | Rabies and canine distemper |
| An Amazon parrot presents to the hospital with the following clinical signs: blunted choanal papillae, plantar erosions on the planter surfaces of the feet, poor-quality feathering, and poor skin. Diet consists of seeds only. Which disease do you suspect? | Hypovitaminosis A |
| Which of the following factors does not contribute to cannibalism of the young by female hamsters? | Increased ambient temperature |
| Because of a lack of diaphragm in the avian patient, which of the following organs surrounds the apex of the heart? | Liver |
| A healthy bird can only lose ≤10% of its blood volume safely. You have been asked to draw a blood sample from a 1-kg macaw. What is the maximum amount of blood that can be taken from this patient safely? | 10 mL |
| What are the signs of dental disease in chinchillas, rabbits, and guinea pigs? | Drooling, anorexia, overgrooming |
| What is the normal rectal temperature range in the rabbit? | 101° F–104° F |
| Which of the following leukocytes are usually the most numerous cells in avian blood? | Heterophils |
| Most gas exchange in fish takes place in which of the following? | Gills |
| What is true of tularemia in rabbits? | Wild rabbits are highly susceptible, Wild rabbits are the cause of most epizootic infections, and Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent. |
| Oral examinations are most commonly performed in snakes using which of the following? | Plastic spatula |
| Heating a reptile cage safely can be accomplished by: | Heat rock, Ceramic radiant heating element outside the cage, or Incandescent light bulb placed outside the cage. |
| Which of the following is the causative agent of Tyzzer's disease? | Clostridium piliforme |
| Which of the following may help decrease dental abrasions in the pet ferret? | Offering a natural-prey diet or moistening dry kibble |
| Total blood volume in the reptilian patient is approximately what percentage of the body weight? | 5% - 8% |
| Male rabbits are referred to as: | Bucks |
| Which of the following diets is most appropriate for a ferret? | Oxbow Carnivore Care |
| Which of the following are common presenting signs in a ferret with ibuprofen toxicity? | Generalized neurologic signs |
| Ferrets with vestibular signs demonstrate all of the following: | Ataxia, circling, left or right-sided head tilt |
| What percentage of body weight can be tube fed at any given time to a bird? | 5% |
| Which of the following species is considered arboreal? | Sugar glider |
| A snake presents to the clinic 12 hours after suspected foreign-body ingestion. Which of the following diagnostics should be performed first? | Whole body radiographs |
| Hedgehogs are which of the following, requiring a high-protein diet? | Insectivores |
| Bird diets that include only seeds are often deficient in which of the following? | Vitamin A |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding the snake respiratory tract? | Most species have a single right lung and a nonfunctioning left lung |
| Which of the following bones are considered pneumatic in most avian species? | Humerus and femur |
| To keep the skin and coat healthy, a chinchilla should be offered a daily: | Dust bath |
| Dysecdesis is the abnormal shedding of skin in a reptile. Which of the following is a common complication resulting from dysecdesis? | Extremity necrosis, especially of the toes or tail tip |
| A female tortoise presents to the clinic with the following clinical signs: straining, lethargy, anorexia, and bloody discharge from the cloaca. What is the most common cause of this presentation? | Dystocia |
| Which of the following bacteria are most often associated with antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in the guinea pig? | Clostridium difficile |
| The pectoral muscles in a bird attach to which of the following anatomical structures? | Keel |
| Total blood volume in the avian patient is approximately what percentage of the body weight? | 10% |
| Which is the correct order in the avian gastrointestinal tract descending from the oral cavity? | Crop, proventriculus, gizzard |
| Which of the following sites are commonly used for venipuncture in the snake? | Heart and caudal tail vein |
| Which of the following tools is the most useful option to help diagnose syncope in a rabbit? | Electrocardiogram |
| Which of the following drugs would likely be contraindicated for use in a rabbit that presented for GI stasis and moderate-to-severe dental pain? | Butorphanol |
| Hypocalcemia in the sugar glider is primarily caused by an imbalance in which of the following? | Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus |
| A hospitalized hedgehog is offered part of a hardboiled egg as a treat. He suddenly becomes stiff and contorted, starts making licking motions with his tongue, and starts heavily salivating. What is occurring? | Self-anointing behavior |
| Which of the following vessels is most commonly used for blood collection in the chinchilla? | Jugular |
| An intact male African hedgehog of unknown age presents to the clinic with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetence, icterus, and diarrhea. Which of the following diseases is most likely to cause these symptoms? | Hepatic lipidosis |
| Which of the following can be used specifically to diagnose porphyrins in the rabbit's urine? | Wood's lamp |
| You have been asked to obtain a complete blood count and chemistry panel for a pet hedgehog. What vessels are most commonly used? | Jugular and cranial vena cava |
| A bird presents to the clinic after chewing on a galvanized wire cage for the previous several days. Clinical signs include weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, anemia, weakness, and seizures. What are these signs and history indicative of? | Zinc toxicity |
| The reproductive organ in the male lizard consists of: | Paired hemipenes |
| Atropine is not suggested for use in which of the following species? | Rabbits |
| A rabbit presents with a 2-day history of anorexia. You take radiographs and notice an ingesta-filled stomach with large amounts of gas in the intestines and cecum. This is suggestive of what condition in the rabbit? | GI stasis |
| What percentage is the normal range for packed cell volume (PCV) in the rabbit? | 33% - 45% |
| In the skin of chameleons, which of the following allows for reflectivity of visible light that results in a color change? | Chromatophores |
| The average weight of an adult chinchilla ranges between: | 400 g–600 g |
| Which of the following is the most common and largest space used for subcutaneous fluid administration in the avian patient? | Inguinal area |
| You have been asked to obtain a blood sample for a CBC and chemistry panel from a 100-g cockatiel. Which of the following vessels is most commonly used in this species? | Jugular vein |
| In the bird, air sac cannulas are placed into which of the following? | Caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs |
| Sexing a tortoise is generally easy. The plastron in the male tortoise is usually: | Concave |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding carnivorous lizards and UV-B lighting? | They do not require UV-B lighting |
| Which of the following is a microsporidium obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes neurologic disease in rabbits? | Encephalitzoon cuniculi |
| In the avian patient, into which of the following muscles are intramuscular injections generally administered? | Pectoral |
| Poor husbandry conditions, along with a humid environment, predispose guinea pigs to which of the following conditions? | Bordetella bronchiseptica |
| Clinical signs of dystocia in the chelonian include: | Anorexia, lethargy, and straining |
| Gravel/corncob bedding is appropriate for bedding substrate for a snake. True or False | False |
| Which of the following vessels is most commonly used for blood collection in the lizard? | Caudal tail vein |
| Which of the following diseases causes an acute onset of hind limb paresis or paralysis in the captive sugar glider? | Nutritional osteodystrophy |
| For proper metabolization, ultraviolet lighting is necessary for which of the following nutrients? | Calcium and vitamin D3 |
| Which of the following areas contains more than half of all lymphoid tissue in the rabbit? | GI Tract |
| Where is the heart located in the snake? | About 25% down the length of the body from the nares |
| Which of the following methods definitively diagnoses Treponema paraluiscuniculi? | Skin biopsy with silver staining |
| A 5-year-old intact male chinchilla presents with a 1-week history of excessive grooming, straining to urinate, repeatedly cleaning the penis, and production of several small spots of urine in the litter box. What is the most likely cause of these signs? | Penile fur ring |
| Which of the following vessels are most commonly used for collection of a complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry panel in the sugar glider? | Jugular vein, cranial vena cava, medial tibial artery |
| A blue-and-gold macaw presents to the clinic with the following signs: depression, lethargy, anorexia, dyspnea, nasal and ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, and biliverdinuria (green urates). Which disease is suspected? | Avian chlamydophila |
| Which of the following diseases in the hedgehog is characterized by progressive ataxia, weight loss, paralysis, and eventual death? | Wobbling hedgehog syndrome |
| The most common neoplasia in the unspayed female rabbit is: | Uterine adenocarcinoma |
| The pupil in birds and reptiles is made up of which type of muscle? | Striated skeletal muscle |
| Which of the following contributes to pododermatitis in the avian patient? | Obesity, Hypovitaminosis A, Improper perch surfaces |
| You have been asked to place an intraosseous catheter in a very critical ferret. Which bone is most commonly used? | Femur |
| Oblique skull radiographs are used to evaluate which of the following in a rabbit? | Tooth roots |
| Diets high in purines cause which of the following diseases? | Gout |
| Most commonly transmitted by aerosol exposure, but also spread by direct contact with conjunctival and nasal exudates, urine, feces, skin, and sometimes fomites. The disease spreads by viremia after it is in the body, and it is almost always fatal. | Canine distemper virus |
| What is the range of the gestational period in a rabbit? | 31 to 32 days |
| Which of the following values is used to evaluate renal function in the avian patient? | Uric acid |
| A complete radiographic series in the turtle and tortoise include which of the following views? | Anterior-posterior, dorsoventral, and lateral |
| Moldy peanuts are a common cause of which of the following in the avian patient? | Myotoxicity |
| Iguanas have teeth that are replaced many times throughout life. The teeth do not have roots but are attached to the jaw. This type of dentition is called: | Pleurodont |
| Many species of lizards can "drop" or detach their tails if they are grabbed or restrained too tightly. This natural predatory response is referred to as: | Autotomy |
| The upper and lower shells of a turtle are referred to as: | Plastron and carapace |
| Azurophils are leukocytes that are only found in what group of animals? | Reptiles |
| Which of the following species lacks an epiglottis? | Amazon parrot |
| Large femoral pores in the iguana are indicative of: | Male lizard |
| Iguana presents with the following: seizures, tremors, anorexia, pliable long bones, and a chronic femoral fracture. The patient has been housed without the proper UV lighting and has been given a diet of dog food, iceberg lettuce, and tofu. Disease? | Metabolic bone disease |
| Which of the following vessels is most commonly used for intravenous catheterization in a larger lizard such as an iguana? | Caudal tail vein |
| Which of the following two metals most commonly cause heavy metal toxicity after ingestion by birds? | Lead and zinc |
| How many chambers does the fish heart contain? | 2 |
| The bones of the tortoise shell are covered with structures called scutes. What are scutes made of? | Keratin |
| A guinea pig presents with hind leg lameness. Physical examination findings include obesity, plantar thinning, and mild ulceration. These findings are indicative of which of the following diseases? | Pododermatitis |
| In the rabbit, pregnancy toxemia is most likely to occur during which week(s) of gestation? | During the last week |
| Which of the following white blood cells are predominant in the rabbit? | Lymphocytes and heterophils |
| The most common cause for penile prolapse in the chinchilla is: | Fur ring formation |
| Pain in the rabbit is often exhibited by: | Bruxism, anorexia, reduced grooming and activity |
| What is the most common cause of alopecia and dermatitis in the pet mouse? | Fur mites |
| Which of the following anatomical structures is located on the dorsal portion of the head and acts as a photoreceptor, helping to regulate hormone production and thermoregulatory behavior in the lizard species? | Parietal eye |
| Which of the following species is arboreal? | Jackson's chameleon |
| A figure-8 bandage is used for immobilization of which of the following bones? | Ulna, radius, and metacarpals |
| Which of the following is a condition in which uric acid is deposited into the joints and visceral organs and is caused by dehydration, kidney disease, and a high-protein diet? | Gout |
| Which of the following are daily maintenance fluid amounts for the avian patient? | 50–60 mL/kg/day |
| Cloacal prolapse in the lizard is caused by: | Egg laying, Foreign-body impaction, Straining to defecate |
| Which of the following in birds is the final holding area for urine, urates, feces, and eggs before excretion from the body? | Cloaca |
| Which of the following animals does not have molars that grow continuously throughout life? | Rats |
| The hydration status in the avian patient is best evaluated by assessing which of the following? | Venous refill time |
| Which of the following species has a duplex uterus and two cervices? | Rabbit |
| A lactating doe presents to the clinic for anorexia, depression, lethargy, and fever. What is the most likely the cause of her symptoms? | Septic mastitis |
| Pet skunks should be vaccinated against: | Rabies, Feline panleukopenia, Canine distemper |
| What is the function of the operculum found in some psittacines? | To prevent the inhalation of foreign bodies |
| Chinchillas are prone to all of the following diseases: | Dental disease, heat stroke, choke |
| Which of the following vessels is most commonly used for collection of a complete blood count and chemistry panel in the prairie dog? | Jugular vein |
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Smgregory235
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