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Terminology 01
Veterinary Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| prefix | word found at beginning of word |
| root | word part that gives essential meaning |
| combining vowel | single vowel that is added to make root easier to pronounce |
| combining form | combination of root and combining vowel |
| suffix | word part found at the end of a word |
| A- | without or no |
| An- | without or no |
| Ab- | away from |
| Ad- | toward |
| Dys- | difficult |
| Eu- | good |
| Endo- | within |
| Ecto- | outside |
| Ex- | without |
| Exo- | outside |
| Hyper- | elevate |
| Hypo- | depressed |
| Inter- | between |
| Intra- | within |
| Poly- | many |
| Oligo- | scant |
| Pre- | before |
| Post- | after |
| Sub- | below |
| Super- | beyond |
| Supra- | beyond |
| epi- | upper |
| extra | outside |
| infra- | below |
| meta- | beyond |
| per- | throughout |
| trans- | across |
| ultra- | above |
| pan- | all |
| leuk/o | white |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -tomy | cut into |
| -stomy | surgically create opening |
| -ectomy | surgically remove |
| -ac | heart |
| -al | kidney |
| -an | ovary |
| -ar | lower back |
| -ic | intestines |
| -ine | uterus |
| -ous | skin |
| -tic | kidneys |
| -pexy | suture to stablize |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -rrhage | bursting forth |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| rrhea | flow |
| rrhexis | rupture |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -lysis | separation |
| -scope | instrument to visually examine |
| -scopy | procedure to visually examine |
| -gram | record of |
| -graph | instrument that records |
| -graphy | procedure that records |
| -algia | pain |
| -dynia | pain |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| -um | structure |
| Cyan | blue |
| Anem | deficient red blood |
| Muc | slimelike substance |
| Ili | part of hip |
| Condy | round projection on bone |
| Carp | joint between radius,ulna,& metacarpal bones |
| Ventral | belly or underside |
| Dorsal | back |
| Cranial | toward head |
| Caudal | toward tail |
| Anterior | front of body |
| Posterior | rear of body |
| Rostral | nose end of head |
| Cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| Medial | toward midline |
| Lateral | away from midline |
| Superior | uppermost |
| Inferior | lowermost |
| Proximal | nearest midline |
| Distal | farthest from midline |
| Superficial | near surface |
| Deep | away from surface |
| Palmer | caudal surface of front paw |
| Plantar | caudal surface of rear paw |
| Midsagittal plane | equal right and left halves |
| Sagittal plane | unequal right and left halves |
| Dorsal plane | divides into back and belly halves |
| Transverse plane | divides body into front and back halves |
| -logy | study of |
| anatomy | study of blood structure |
| physiology | study of body structure |
| pathology | study of causes of abnormal conditions |
| etiology | study of disease |
| recumbent | laying down |
| Dorsal recumbency | laying on back |
| Ventral recumbency | lying on belly |
| Left lateral recumbency | laying on left side |
| Right lateral recumbency | laying on right side |
| adduction | movement toward the midline |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| flexion | closure of a joint angle |
| extension | straightening of a joint |
| hyperflexion | joint flexed too far |
| hyperextension | joint extended too far |
| supination | rotating limb to face up |
| pronation | rotating limb to face down |
| genetic disorder | condition caused by defective genes |
| congenital disorder | present at birth |
| tissue | group of cells similar in structure |
| histology | study of tissue structure and function |
| uni- | 1 |
| bi- | 2 |
| tri- | 3 |
| quadra- | 4 |
| qinqu- | 5 |
| sex- | 6 |
| sept- | 7 |
| octo- | 8 |
| novem- | 9 |
| deca- | 10 |
| dia- | between |
| oste- | bone |
| cortical bone | hard dense strong bone tagt forms outter layer of bone |
| cancellous bone | light less strong bone found at the ends and inner portions of long bones |
| physis | cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth |
| metaphysis | wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis |
| cartilage | form of connective tissue more elastic than bone |
| articular cartilage | specific type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces of bone |
| meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage foundin some joints |
| Joints | connections between bones |
| synarthroses | allows no movement |
| amphiarthroses | allows slight movement |
| diarthroses | allows free movement |
| ligament | band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone |
| tendon | fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| bursa | fibrous sac that acts as a cusion to ease movement in areas of friction |
| axial skeleton | framework of body |
| appendicular skeleton | framework of body that cosists of extremities,shoulder and pelvis girdle |
| cranium | portion of skull that encases the brain |
| frontal | front or cranial portion of skull |
| parietal | paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity |
| occipital | forms the caudal aspect of cranial cavity where opening of spinal cord is located |
| foramen | opening in bone where tissue passes |
| magnum | large |
| temporal | paired bones that form the sides and base of cranium |
| sphenoid | pairs of bone that form the base of skull and parts of floor and sides of bony eye socket |
| ethmoid | forms rostral part of the cranial cavity |
| incisive | forms rotral part of hard palate and lower edge of nares |
| vertebr/o | combining form of vertebra |
| vertebrae | more than 1 vertebra |
| ribs | paired bones that attach to thoratic vertebrae |
| cost/o | combining fom for rib |
| costals | what ribs are sometimes called |
| manubrium | cranial portion of the sternum |
| sternum | breastbone |
| sternum body | mid portion of sternum |
| xiphoid process | caudal portion of sternum |
| scapula | shoulderblade |
| clavicle | collarbone |
| humerus | long bone of front limb |
| radius | cranial bone of front limb |
| ulna | caudal bone of front limb |
| phalanges | bones of digits |
| phalanx | single bone of the phalanges |
| ungulates | animals with hooves |
| fetlock joint | joint between metacarpal III and the digit |
| pastern joint | joint between p1 and p2 |
| coffin joint | joint between p2 and p3 |
| onychectomy | removal of cats claws |
| hip | consisits of 3 pairs of bone |
| ilium | largest pair that is blade shaped |
| ischium | caudal pair of bones |
| acetabulum | large socket that forms where 3 bones connect |
| patella | large sesamoid bone in the rear, in humans its the kneecap |
| ambulation | walking,running |
| my/o | combining form for muscle |
| fibr/o | combining form for fibrous tissue |
| fascia | fibrous connective tissue that covers,supports and separates muscles |
| fasci/o | combining form for fascia |
| tendon | narrow band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| tend/o | combining form for tendon |
| abductor | muscle that moves a part away from the midline |
| adductor | muscle that moves a part toward the midline |
| flexor | muscle that bends a limb at it joint |
| extensor | muscle that straightens a limb |
| levator | muscle that raises a part |
| depressor | muscle that lowers a part |
| rotator | muscle that turns a body part on its axis |
| supinator | muscle that rotates the palmar and plantar surface upward |
| pronator | muscle that rotates the palmar and plantar surface downward |
| pectoral muscles | located on the chest |
| epaxial muscles | located above the pelvic axis |
| intercostal muscles | located between the ribs |
| infraspinatus muscles | located beneath the spine |
| rectus | straight |
| oblique | slanted |
| tranverse | crosswise |
| sphincter | tight band |
| barrel | chest or trunk of horse |
| cannon bone | 3d metacarpal or shin bone on horse |
| ergot | tuft of hair behind horses foot |
| frog | v-shaped pad of soft horn between bars on sole of horses foot |
| hock | tarsal joint |
| muzzle | animals nose and mouth |
| pastern | area of limb between the fetlock and hoof |
| brisket | mass of connective tissue,muxcle and fat between forelegs on cattle |
| crest | dorsal margin of the neck |
| hooks | protrusion of the wing of the ilium on dorsolateral area of cattle |
| poll | top of head |
| switch | tuft of hair at end of tail |
| teat | nipple of mammary gland |
| udder | mammary gland |
| horn butt | poll region between eyes and ears of previous horn growth |
| loin | lumbar region of the back between thorax and pelvis of goats |
| pins | of the ischium bones just lateralto base of tail in ruminants |
| wattle | appendages suspended from the head under chin |
| withers | region over the dorsum where neck joins the thorax |
| ham | musculature of the upper thigh |
| jowl | external throat |
| snout | upper lip apex of the nose of swine |
| pinna | projecting part of the ear lying outside the head |
| rump | sacral to tailhead region of the back |
| stud | intact male dog |
| bitch | intact female dog |
| whelp | young dog or pup |
| whelping | giving birth to whelps |
| pack | group of dogs |
| litter | multiple offspring born in same birth |
| tom | intact male cat |
| queen | intact female cat |
| kitten | young cat |
| queening | giving birth to kittens |
| hob | intact male ferret |
| jill | intact female ferret |
| gib | neutered male ferret |
| sprite | spayed female ferret |
| kit | young ferret |
| kindling | giving birth to ferrets |
| buck | intact male rabbit |
| doe | intact female rabbit |
| lapin | neutered male rabbit |
| kit | young rabbit |
| kindling | giving birth to rabbits |
| herd | group of rabbits |
| boar | intact male guinea pig |
| sow | intact female guinea pig |
| pup | young guinea pig |
| sire | intact male mouse |
| dam | intact female nouse |
| pup | young mouse |
| lagomorph | rabbit |
| cavy | guinea pig |
| murine | mouse or rat |
| tom | intact male turkey |
| hen | intact female turkey |
| poult | young turkey |
| flock | group of turkeys |
| clutch | group of eggs |
| rooster | sexually mature male chicken |
| hen | intact female chicken |
| capon | young castrated male chicken |
| cockerel | immature male chicken |
| pullet | immature female chicken |
| poult | young chicken |
| chick | very young chicken |
| flock | group of chickens |
| anserine | geese and ducks |
| ratite | large flightless birds |
| porcine | swine |
| equine | horse,donkey,mule |
| ovine | sheep |
| caprine | goat |
| bovine | cattle |
| cervidae | deer,elk,moose,caribou |
| camelid | llama,alpaca,guanaco,vicuna |
| oral cavity | lips,cheek |
| gnath/o | combining for or jaw |
| prognthia | elongated mandile |
| bradygnthia | shortened jaw |
| labia | lip |
| labium | single lip |
| cheil/o & labi/o | combining form for lips |
| bucc/o | combining form for cheek |
| buccal | pertaining to cheek |
| palate | forms roof of mouth |
| hard palate | forms bony rostral of palate |
| soft palate | flexible caudal portion of palate |
| tongue | movable muscular organ |
| dent/o | combining form for teeth |
| deciduous | dentition |
| dentition | refers to teeth as a whole |
| decidu/o | combining form for shedding |
| incisor | front tooth used for cutting |
| canine | long pointed bone like tooth |
| fang | having a tapering projection |
| cuspid | having one point |
| premolar | cheek tooth |
| bi-cuspid | premolars with two points |
| molar | caudally located permanant cheek tooth |
| enamel | hard white covering on tooth |
| cementum | bonelike connective tissue covers root of tooth |
| dentin | connective tissue surrounding tooth pulp |
| pulp | nerves,vessels and loose connective tissue |
| periodontia | structures that support teeth |
| alveoli | sockets |
| salivary glands | group of cells in mouth |
| saliva | moistens food |
| sialadan/o | combining form for salivary glands |
| sial/o | combining form for salivary glands |
| pharnyx | cavity in caudal oral that joins respiratory,and GI systems |
| esophagus | collapsible muscle tube that runs from mouth to the stomach |
| abdomen | cavity located between diaphram and pelvis |
| lapar/o | combining form for abdomen and flank |
| gastr/o | combining form for stomach |
| monogastric | one true stmach |
| ruminant | one true stomach |
| pylorus | narrow passage from stomach to duodenum |
| pylor/o | gate keeper-narrow passage |
| rugae | folds present in mucosa of stomach |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| duodenum | proximal first portion of small intestine |
| jejunum | middle portion of small intestine |
| ileum | distal portion of small intestine |
| cecum,colon,rectum,anus | large intestine |
| cec/o | combining form for cecum |
| col/o | combining form for colon |
| rec/o | combining form for rectum |
| an/o | combining form for anus |
| proct/o | combining form for anus and rectum |
| hepat/o | combining form for liver |
| cyst/o | combining form for cyst or sac of fluid |
| chol/e | combining form meaning gall or bile |
| doch/o | combining form meaning receptacle |
| pancreas | elongated gland near the cranial duodnum |
| pancreat/o | combining form for pancreas |
| prehension | grasping of food |
| ingests | taken in orally |
| mastication | breaking food into smaller pieces |
| peristalsis | wavelike contractions of smooth muscles |
| -stalsis | contraction |
| defication | empty bowels |
| adontia | absence of teeth |
| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| coprophagia | ingestion of fecal material |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| -phagia | eating or swallowing |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of stomach and small intestine |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossitis | inflammation of the tongue |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| heptitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the liver |
| inappetence | lack of desire to eat |
| malabsorption | impaired uptake of nutrients from intestines |
Created by:
Ann Patterson
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