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Nutri- Feed
Feed Components
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Feed is first broken down into ---- and ---- matter | wet and dry matter or water and dry matter |
| You make a lot of money by padding food with excess | water |
| Dry matter can then be broken down into | organic matter and ash (or the gross mineral content) |
| Organic matter can be broken into | nitrogenous matter and non-nitrogenous substances |
| Nitrogenous sunstance are combined from | true protein, and non-protein nitrgoenous substnaces like (urea, H20 soluble vitamins) |
| Non-nitrogenous substances are comprised of | carbohydrates and fats (fat solutble vitamins) |
| Carbohydrates are composed of .. | soluble (NFE, starch and sugar) and insoluble (fiber: cellulose) |
| Proximate analysis of feed to find Crude protein or nitrogenous compounds utilizes | Kjeldahl nitrogen x 6.25, this extracts all nitrogen |
| To find moisture content in the feed by proximate analysis.. | baking it at 105 degree overnight and subtracting weight difference. |
| To get the ether extract you have to .. | extract dry matter smaple with anhydrous ether after removing the moisture by baking it 105 degrees overnight |
| To find the crude fiber content by proximate analysis first you have to remove the moisture (baking) and then get to the ether extract before.. | boil the EE residue in acid (to remove acid solubles), boild the extracted EE residue in alkaline (remove alkaline solubles), then place dried acid/alkali extracted residue in muffle furnance at 600 C overnight (oxidizes organic matter and produces ash) |
| Ether pulls out everything with a ... | fat-like structure |
| Proximate analysis doesn't give anything on | vitamins |
| Nitrogen free extract (CHO) = | 100 - (moisture + ash + CP + EE + CF) |
| NFE | nitrogen free extract |
| The Van Soest annaylsis splits feed sample into | neutral and acid detergent reaction |
| Neutral detergent reagent removes cell contents such as ... leaving the .. | Proteins, NPN, Sugars, starches, lipids, pectin, soluble minerals (NDS) to leave the Nuetral detergent fiber (NDF) |
| Acid detergent reagent removes cell contents such as ... to leave the ... | hemicellulose (ADS) to leave the acid detergent fiber (ADF) |
| ADF (?) can be broken down with Kjeldahl and KMnO4 to find | Acid detergent fiber, use Kjeldahl can find Adnin adn KMnO4 can find Ligning |
| The Van Soest analysis is done with mostly | ruminant and some equine feed because proximate value doesn't give good values on fiber, ect. |
| Dry Matter is the amount contained in only the -- fraction, and is -------- free. | DM fraction and is moisture free |
| Air-Dry Basis is generally assumed to be --% DM. Most feeds will equilibrate to ~--% DM after prolonged ---------- (aerobic) | 90% DM, 90% DM eventually after prolonged storage |
| Air-dry and -- --- may be the same for some feeds. | as fed |
| As-Fed food is the amount contained in the feed as it would be ...., Variable 20%-100% depending on feedstuff. | fed to the animal, including water |
| As-fed basis is ------ weight and it has ------ nutrients. | heavy weight and diluted nutrients |
| DM basis is ------ weight and it has ------- nutrients | light weight and concentrated nutrients |
| Whenc onverting as-fed to DM the nutrient concentration will -------- and weight will -----. | increase and decrease |
| When converting DM to as-fed nutrient will -------- and weight will -------. | decrease and increase |
| Nutrient composition of feeds can be expressed in four ways: | percent (most of the time), ppm (parts per million) its the same as mg/kilo, mg/pound, Mcal/kg (focuses on energy movement) |
| Digestibility can be calculated as long as you have (4) | Feed consumption, nutrients of feeds, fecal excretion amount, and nutrient precent of feces |
| Digestible nutrient is the percent of the nutrient that ... | will be digested. This value is routinely used (digestible, crude protein, digestible energy), while digestibility values are only used for calculation purposes |
| TDN is equal to | total digestible nutrients |
| DCP | digestible crude protein |
| DCF | digestible crude fiber |
| DNFE | Digestible nitrogen free extract |
| DEE | Digestible Ether Extract |
| Energy utilization and distribution in animals.. | Gross energy is filtered down into digestible energy (there is a small amount of energy that's lost in the urine and gas) then it filters down to metabolizable energy which is net energy |
| Net energy usage is summed up by two things: | maintenance (Nem) and production (NEp) |
| Maintenance of the body energy relates to | Basal metabolism, voluntary activity, heat to cool and warm |
| Production energy usage includes: | work, growth, eggs, milk, feathers, wool, ect |
| Class one feeds are | dry forages and roughage |
| Class two feeds are | pasture, range and forages of fed grain |
| Class three feeds are | fermented silages |
| Class four feeds are | energy feeds like grains |
| Class five feeds are | protein feeds, soybean meal, sunflower meal, ect. |
| Class six feeds are | minerals |
| Class seven are | vitamins |
| Measuring feed quality can be done through four ways: | growth trials, digestibility trails, metabolic/balance trials, and fistulated animals |
| Growth trails are | individuals or group fed animals, measure feed intake, measure weight gain/loss, and calculate feed efficiency. |
| Digestibility trails are: | animals fed in individual crates or pens, feed intake measured and recorded, fecal excretion measured and recorded, calculate apparent digestibility. |
| Metabolic/Balance trials are there to ... | calculate metabolizable energy, nitrogen balance or true digestibility |
| Fistulated animals are useful because | fistulated animals you can dump several types of fee din nylon bags and see how much is absorbed. |
Created by:
kccroy
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