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Nutri- Enzymes
Enzymes and Hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (Def) Enzymes | Proteins that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions |
| -------- isolated the first enzyme it 1926, this enzyme was --------- from Jack Bean. | Sumner isolated urease (worked with Urine) |
| In humans Urea is a ... But in ruminants | waste product from urine metabolisms. However in ruminants they can utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes are --------- | proteins |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes are always --------- | specific in their actions |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes -------- | increase (speed up) the chemical reaction |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes often end with | -ase |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes often ... | act alone, however, several require a cofactor |
| Some enzyme facts: enzymes are... | sensitive to temperature and pH |
| Enzyme cofactors are often metal ions like | Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn |
| Coenzymes are often complex organic molecules like: | water souble vitams an example is Niacin, or Vit B3, which is important in conversion between NAD+/NADH |
| An enzyme with a cofactor is a ---------. | haloenzyme |
| An enzyme without a cofactor is an --------, but functionality is reduced. | apoenzyme |
| Hormone functions in general are (4): | homeostasis (regulation), respond to emergency demands (stree, trauma), integration of growth, and regulation of sex reproduction |
| Three hormone categories: | Polypeptides (glycoproteisn), steroids, and phenolic amines |
| Polypetides can yeild 3-1000 ----- ------ that occur in the three system places ... | amino acids; occur in the brain (hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary), Pancrease, thryroid, gut and the reproductive system (placenta, ovary, testis) |
| Steroids originate from ----- and are synthesized in the (3 places) | -------- -----, Found in the adrenal cortex, embryonic membrane, reproductive system (ovary, placenta, testis) |
| Phenolic amines are synthesized in the ... | thyroid, adrenal medula, and the pineal gland. |
| Hormones work through receptor sites at the cell found in different locations ... | cell membrane (proteins have surface membranes), cytoplasm (steroids are lipids move through cell membranes much easier), and nuclear membrane (phenolic- small molecules that can go straight to the nuclear membrane and get an immediate response) |
| Receptors are often large protein ... | macromolecules with high specificity and affinity. |
| There are two parts to receptor proteins.. | recognition site (only recognize spfc) and teh activations site (enzyme activation, ion channel, ect) |
| Proteins hormones work through a .... | second messenger system to create a cascading enzyme reaction |
| Steroid hormones pathway is utlized to start a production of ....., so it starts the ... | something else, usually it starts the transciption of proteins, so it has a longer lag time before you see results. |
Created by:
kccroy
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