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Kale
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Catch crop | Fast-growing crops grown between two main crops |
| Benefits of sowing kale | winter fodder to outwinter livestock, act as cover crop reducing soil erosion and reducing nitrogen leaching |
| Harvesting technique | Zero grazing or harvested with a forage harvester and baled as kaleage |
| Disease | Club root |
| Disease treatment | Sow disease resistant varieties and crop rotation (1 in 5 years) |
| Seed selection | Choose highly digestible crop, long utilisation period, hardy varieties that are disease resistant, high yield e.g. maris kestrel |
| Crop rotation | 1 in 5 years |
| Fertiliser | All fert can be applied before sowing or half of N fert at sowing, remainder 2-3 weeks after emergence. Need sulfur-rate of 15-20 kg/ha |
| Impact of crop management practices on animals | Strip grazing = outwintering of animals. Animals can develop nutritional redwater and low iodine from too much kale. No more than 70% of diet should be kale, 30% silage/hay for fibre |
| strategies for protecting crop from disease | Club root: disease resistant variety such as Grampian, avoid field with history of club root, crop rotation |
| Precautions necessary to prevent accidents at harvest | Ensure all machinery if in working order and guards in place. Switch off machinery to clear blockages |
| Time of sowing | April-July |
| Method of sowing | Plough and harrow, seed can be broadcast or sown by direct drilling, seeding rate in 5-6 kg/ha for broadcasting and 4 kg/ha for direct drilling |
| Fertiliser application | All before sowing/split, sulfur added, boron for deficient soils, soil index 3 use 100kg N, 30kg P and 170kg K per ha |
| Contribute to sustainability | Acts as cover crop in winter when land would otherwise be fallow. Prevents soil erosion, reduces N leaching, increases soil OM, contributes to biodiversity |
| Soil conditions | Free-draining loan or sandy soil, ph 6-7, flat land, avoid fields sown with kale in previous 4 years, not close to watercourse and where grassland productivity has decreased |
| Weed control | Good seedbed preparation, good early growth, spray pre-emergent herbicide prior to cultivation to reduce broadleaf weeds (from pasture), post-emergent spray |
| Pest | Flea beetles, Diamondback moth |
| Pest control | Contact insecticide |
| DM Yield | 8-10 tonnes/ha |
| Fresh Yield | 60-65 tonnes/ha |
Created by:
ac1410
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