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Exotic Animal Med
Review from Quizzes: Reptile
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a recommended site for blood collection in the avian patient? | ulnar vein |
| Bumblefoot (pododermatitis in birds may be due to (3): | poor perch texture or circumference, vitamin A deficiency, obesity |
| Owners of pet birds should avoid over-heating what type of cooking utensil in an area near caged birds? | Teflon-coated |
| Feather picking may be caused by what four things? | Behavior problem, nutritional problem, skin infection (viral, mites, bacterial). |
| The most common site to administer subcutaneous fluids in a bird is: | inguinal region |
| The maximum amount of blood that can safely be collected from a healthy bird is: | 1% body weight |
| The Respiratory System of the bird is unique because (3): | Choanae - internal nares, air sacs in addition to lungs, birds do not have a diaphragm |
| If an owner calls you on the phone and reports that her Cockatiel has a broken blood feather that is bleeding, you should: | tell her to come to the clinic immediately, this is an emergency |
| Goiter may present as regurgitation due to a mass in the neck, caused by: | iodine deficiency |
| Birds on all seed diets will commonly develop (3): | Obesity, Vitamin A deficiency, Calcium deficiency |
| True or false: Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is a contagious, fatal viral disease. | True |
| Feeding raptors (hawks and owls) exclusively all meat diets (no bones) will cause: | Metabolic Bone Disease |
| When taking a history from an owner of a bird, what information should you obtain? | Type of housing (including size, location, perches, toys, bedding, and liners.) Daily diet and treats. Are they allowed out of the cage for exercise (contact with toxins, foreign bodies, or infectious diseases). |
| What are common clinical signs that a pet bird is ill? | Poor feather appearance or missing feathers. Open mouth breathing or nasal discharge. Spending an unusual amount of time at the bottom of the enclosure instead of perching. |
| What are standard supportive care measures for birds that are ill? | SQ or oral fluids. Assisted feeding with stainless steel ball tip syringe. Oxygen therapy or warming if hypothermic. |
| What are stainless steel ball tipped syringes used for? | To insert into the esophagus for assisted feeding. Could also be used to place warm electrolyte balanced fluids into the crop. |
| Describe correct capture technique for a psittacine bird. | Use a towel to gently wrap around bird's body. Gently grab in a way that secures wings to body w/o putting pressure on keel. Trained birds may step to your hand. You could then place a towel. Secure head in football grasp behind the head. Avoid cheeks. |
| Hypovitaminosis A in turtles may lead to (3): | pneumonia, stomatitis, otitis |
| Goiter (Nutritional Hypothyroidism) may be caused by a diet deficient in: | iodine |
| Infectious stomatitis (mouth rot) in reptiles may be triggered by ___ and ___ and can be caused by ___ infections. | immunosuppression. oral trauma. bacterial infection. |
| Hepatic Lipidosis, in reptiles, may be caused by (4): | hibernation, high fat diet, egg laying, and improper environmental temperatures. |
| Cloacal prolapse is due to the extrusion of the (3): | colon, uterus, urinary bladder. |
| A potential zoonotic concern of handling reptiles is: | Salmonella |
| What is the name of the bone in the jaw of snakes that allows them to open their mouth 150 degrees? | quadrate |
| Optimal temperature for a reptile species metabolism to function is: | POTZ |
| List at lease 3 ways to treat or prevent Dysecdysis (incomplete shedding) in reptiles. | Proper humidity in the environment appropriate for that species. Soak in warm water or wrap with warm wet towel (can use a toothbrush to gentle exfoliate). Provide rough surfaces in their enclosure to rub on. |
| List 4 possible steps to prevent Metabolic Bone Disease of lizards and turtles. | Proper lighting appropriate to the species. Proper diet and nutritional supplements: calcium, Vitamin D, or species specific multivitamin. Maintain an appropriate temperature gradient at POTZ for the species. Proper varied diet. |
| Name four types of feathers: | down, contour, semiplume, filoplume. |
| What is the structural difference between a contour feather and a semiplume? | Semiplume does not have barbules. Contour feathers do. |
| What is the Rachis of the feather? | the central shaft |
| What is the Barb of the feather? | Serial paired branches (barbs) forming a flattened, usually curved surface |
| What is the Calamus of the feather? | the hollow inner portion of the feather shaft that lacks barbs and attaches to the skin. |
| What is the Barbule of the feather? | Barbs possess further branches that are adjacent to the barbs and are attached to one another by hooks that stiffen the vane |
| What is the Hooklet of the feather? | Attached to the barbules they stiffen the vane |
| What is the Vane of the feather? | The plumed part of the feather that grows from the central shaft. |
| What special feather must you never cut during a wing trim and why? | Blood feather. It will cause severe and prolonged bleeding. |
| What three sites are appropriate for venipuncture in birds? | Jugular, Ulnar, and the Medial Metatarsal Vein |
| Where do we perform venipuncture in the jugular vein in birds? | Right side. Place thumb in the jugular furrow to hold off the right jugular vein. A featherless tract can often be seen on the right side. |
| Where is the Ulnar vein located on the bird? | It runs on the ventral surface of the humeral-radial-ulnar joint (elbow) directly beneath the skin. |
| Where is the Medial metatarsal vein located on a bird? | This vein is found on the medial side of the lower leg. Care should be taken when using this vessel as it has been known to cause paresis. |
| What is a metal beak speculum used for? | To keep the beak open for PE, intubation, or assisted feeding. |
| What does a feeding syringe look like for birds? What is it used for? | It is stainless steel feeding tube with ball tip. It is used for assisted feeding. |
| What is a perch used in bird restraint? | It is often an acrylic perch used to aid in weighing the animal. |
| What do we use dremels for in avian medicine? | Often used with a conical burr. It is used to trim nails and beaks or to round jagged edges. |
| What are pillowcases used for in reptile medicine? | It allows for transportation of snakes. It can be placed in a ridge container with a lid to protect the animal from injury. A snake can also be placed in a pillowcase to be weighed or to restrain for radiographs. |
| What is a rubber spatula used for in reptile medicine? | It is used to open their mouths. Soft rubber reduces the chance of injuring the animal in the process of examining their mouths. |
| What is a pedestal used for in turtles and tortoises? | A restraint device for turtles. It keeps their plastron above the table and keeps their feet from touching. |
| Describe how to radiograph a reptile. | Use a technique chart appropriate to the species. Take at lease two views. Apply digital pressure to both eyelids. Place cotton balls over eyes and secure with vet wrap. Gently place animal in VD and lateral positions. Keep room cool, quiet, and dim. |
Created by:
Raevyn1
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