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Pathology245
Pathology Final VTT245
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define definitive host. | Harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of a parasite. |
| Define intermediate host. | Harbors the juvenile, asexual, or immature stages of the parasite. |
| An infestation of lice is referred to as? | Pediculosis |
| A common cause of otitis externa in dogs, cats, and ferrets. | Otodectes cynotis |
| The salivary secretions of some female ticks are toxic and can produce a syndrome known as? | Tick paralysis |
| Soft ticks are classified as? | Argasid |
| Hard ticks are classified? | Ixodid |
| Only the larval and nymph stages are parasitic. They imbibe large amounts of host blood. | Spinose Ear tick, Argasid |
| This tick feeds almost exclusively on dogs and serves as an intermediate host for Babesia canis. | Rhipicephalus spp. (Brown Dog Tick) - Ixodid |
| This tick can serve as a vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia. | Dermacentor spp. (Rockey Mtn. Wood Tick/American Dog Tick) - Ixodid |
| This tick serves as a vector for Ehrlichia. | Ambylomma americanum (Lone Star Tick) - Ixodid |
| This tick is the main culprit of Lyme disease. | Ixodes spp. (Black-legged Tick) - Ixodid |
| What is the common name for a Trematode? | Fluke |
| What is the common name for a Cestode? | Tapeworm |
| What is the common name for a Nematode? | Roundworm |
| What parasites are know to be VLM & OLM? | Toxacara Leonia & Toxacara Canis (Nematode) |
| What parasite is know to be CLM? | Ancylastoma caninum (Nematode) |
| What is the most commonly seen WBC? | Neutrophil |
| Describe the inclusion Howell-Jolly Bodies. | Basophillic nuclear remenants see in young erythrocytes as a response to anemia. |
| Describe the inclusion Schizocyte. | Fragments of a erythrocyte. |
| Describe the inclusion Heinz Body. | Round structures representing denatured hemoglobin. |
| Under what conditions would you see a Howell-Jolly Body | Increased number seen due to splenic disorders. Can be a response to anemia. |
| Under what conditions would you see a Schizocyte? | Usually caused by shearing of the RBC by intravascular trama. |
| Under what conditions would you see a Heinz Body? | Caused by certain oxidant drugs or chemicals. Often seen due to diseases like lymphosarcoma & diabetes melittis in cats. |
| Describe the inclusion Keratocytes. | "Helmet cells" or "Blister cells", believed to be caused by intravascular trama caused by bisection of the cell by fibrin strands. |
| Under what condition would you see a Keratocyte? | Associated with hemangiosarcoma, neoplasia, glomerulonephritis, and various hepatic dieases. |
| Describe the inclusion Echinocytes. | "Blur cells", spiculated cells with many short, evenly spaced blunt projections. |
| Under what condition would you see a Echinocyte? | Caused by slow drying of the blood fim or when and EDTA tube is underfilled. Also see with renal disease and lymphosarcoma. |
| Describe the inclusion Rouleaux. | A grouping of RBC in stacks. |
| Uner what condition would you see Rouleaux formations? | Increased formations are seen wiht increased fibrinogen or globulin concentrations. Can also be seen in blood that has been refridgerated or kept to long before preparing a blood film. |
| What is the least commonly seen WBC? | Basophil |
| What are the 3 granulocytes? | Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil |
| What are the agranulocytes? | Monocyte & lymphocyte |
| Platelets are not complete cells, but pieces of cytoplasm that have been isolated & released from ____ that lives in the bone marrow. | Megakaryocytes |
| This enzyme's major source is the liver(adult)or bone(young). Role is to assist in various chemical reactions. | Alkaline Phosphate (ALP) |
| This enzyme's major source is hepatocytes. Its role is amino acid metabolism. This enyme is liver specific, determines hepatic cell damage. | Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) |
| This enzyme's role is amino acid metabolism, however is not liver specific. Increased number may indicate liver damage, strenuous exercise hemolysis or recent IM injection. | Aspartate Aminotransferse (AST) |
| This enzyme's is an insoluble molecule derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the spleen. It eventually becomes part of bile. | Bilirubin |
| This enzyme is a combination of albumin & globulins. It's role is oncotic blood pressure, transport mechanism and immunity. | Total Protein (TP) |
| This enzyme is a binding & transport enzyme. It is 30-50% of the total plasma protein seen in the body. | Albumin |
| This protein is synthesized from cholesterol and conjugated with glycine & taurine. Aids in fat absorption and modulates cholesterol levels. | Bile Acids |
| This enzyme is a precursor to fibrin. The insolubile protein that forms the matrix of blood clots. | Fibrinogen |
| This enzyme's major source is amino acids via liver processing. Urea is the end product of amino acid breakdown. | Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
| This enzyme is found in skeletal muscle and as part of muscle metabolism. Is a waste product and is elimated through the kidneys. | Creatinine (CRE) |
| This enzyme's major source is bones. It's role is energy storage, release and transfer, also carbohydrate metabolism. | Inorganic Phosphorus (Iphos) |
| This enzyme's major source is bones. Role is maintenance of neuromuscular excitability & tone, maintenance of activity of many enzymes. Also facilitates blood coagulation. | Calcium (Ca) |
| This enzyme's major source is the pancreas. It is also found in the salivary glands, liver & small intestines. It's role is breakdown of starches and glycogen in surgars. | Amylase (AMYL) |
| This enzyme's major source is the pancreas and gastric mucosa. It's role is the breakdown of fatty acids and lipids. | Lipase (LIP) |
| This cast is composed of protein and is clear, colorless, & somewhat transparent. | Hyaline Cast |
| This is the most common type of cast. | Granular Cast (Hyaline cast containing granules) |
| The presence of ___ casts indicates inflammation in the renal tubules. | leukocyte casts |
| The presence of ____ casts indicates renal bleeding. | Erythrocyte casts |
| This cast is usually wide with square ends and is highly refractile. | Waxy casts |
| This cast contain many small droplets of fat that appears as refractile bodies. | Fatty Casts |
| List the 6 bacterial arrangements. | diplo (pairs), strepto(chains), staphylo(clusters), coccus(round), bacillus(rod), spirillum(spiral) |
| Define ubiquidus | Found everywhere, soil, water, food, atmosphere, vegetation |
| Define oppertunistic. | An organism that normally does not cause disease. |
| Give an example of an oppertunistic organism. | E. coli |
| Define Obligate. | A bacteria that is never part of normal flora and causes disease. |
| Define Fomites. | Inanimate object that can transmit disease. |
| Define nosocomial. | A hospital acquired infection. |
| Define Endemic. | An organism that remains in a certain geographical area. |
| Define Epidemic. | A sudden increase of disease cases. |
| Enriched medium that supports the growth of most bacterial pathogens. This is the most commonly used agar. | Trypticase Soy Agar (Blood Agar) |
| Lactose-fermenting organisms produce ____ from lactose and grow as gran negative colonies. | acid |
| General purpose media primarily used for agar diffusion antimicrobial sensitivity testing. | Mueller Hinton Agar |
| What characteristics do gram+ cells have? | Cells physically have a thicker cell wall. The cell wall contains greater amounts of peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan acts as a barrier to decolorization. |
| What characteristics do gram- cells have? | Cell wall is more complex. Less peptidoglycan, more lipopolysaccharide allows the cell wall to become decolorized. |
| Define Bacteriostatic. | Inhibits replication of bacteria. |
| What Agar is used for antibiotic sensitivity testing? | Mular Hinton |
| List 2 Gram + Cocci (GPC). | Streptococcus & Staphylococcus |
| What does Red – round – clusters translate to? | Staphylococcus |
| What is a Gram + Rods. | Bacillus Spp. |
| List 3 Facultative Anaerobic Gram Negative Rods. | e.Coli, klebsiella, samonella, yersinia pestis (plague), pasturella |
| List 2 Aerobic Gram Negative Rods. | Brucella, bordatella, pseudomonas |
| True/False: Leptospira & Borrelia are spirochetes. | True |
| Which tick causes lyme disease? | Spirochette called borrelia, transmitted by Ixodes Tick |
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