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Nervous System Part2
| Brain | Cerebrum; Cereebellum; Diencephalon; Brainstem | ||
| Main Components of Central Nervous System | Neurons; Cell bodies; The myelinated nerve fibers; Unmyelinated nerve fibers; Glial Cells | ||
| Gray Matter | Contains most of neuron cell bodies | ||
| White Matter | Contains most of the myelinated nerve fibers | ||
| Cerebrum | 1. Largest part of brain of domestic animals 2. Functions areassociated with learning and intelligence 3. Surface is coveredwith gyri; is separated by fissures and sulci 4. Longitudinal Fissure 5. Different lobes specialize in different functions | ||
| Longitudinal Fissure | Divides the brain into right and left cerebral hemispheres | ||
| Cerebellum | Behind cerebrum; the second largest component of brain; Located caudal to the cerebrum; Part of bain responsible for coordinated movement; balance' posture and complex reflexes; Any damage or disease may result in hypermetria | ||
| Hypermetria | An increase in movement | ||
| Diencephalon | Passageway between the brainstem and the cerebrum; It's role is temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, rage,ad anger responses; Associated structures: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland | ||
| Brainstem | Connected between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain; Many cranial nerves originate here; Components: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain; Responsible for maintenance o basic support functions of the bod; Operates at subconscious level | ||
| Subconscious level | Not thinking about an actio being done | ||
| Meninges | The connective tissue layers that surround the brain and the spinal cord; Helps supply nutrients and oxygen; provides some cushioning | ||
| 3 layers of Meninges | Dura Mater; Arachnoid; Pia Mater | ||
| Dura Mater | Yellow layer underneath the bone | ||
| Arachnoid | Spider webs | ||
| Pia Mater | Soft, Gentle | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Fluid between the layers of the meninges; Found in the canals and the cavities inside of the brain and the spinal cord; Provides some cushioning function; Has a role in regulation of the autonomic functions | Respiration and vomiting | |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | Separates capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissues; Capillary walls in the brain have no fenestrations; Covered by cell membranes of glial cells; Prevents many drugs, proteins, ions, and other molecules from passing from the blood into the brain | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs of nerves in theperipheral nervous system; Originate directly from the brain; Numbered in roman numerals from 1-12; I-XII | ||
| Each Cranial Nerves may contain | Axons of motor neurons; Axons of sensory neurons; Combination of both | ||
| Spinal Nerves | Come from between the vertebrae; The caudal continuation of the brainstem outside of the skull; It lies in the bony spinal canal formed by the vertebrae; Conducts sensory information and motor instructions between the brain and the rest of the body. | ||
| Spinal Cord | Medulla; Central Canal; Cortex; Dorsal nerve roots; Ventral nerve roots; Dorsal Horns; Ventral Horns | ||
| Medulla | Essential part of the spinal cord; Composed of gray matter | ||
| Central Canal | Filled with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | ||
| Cortex | the outer portion of the spinal cord; Composed of white matter; White matter surrounds the gray matter | ||
| Dorsal Nerve Roots | Contain sensory nerve fibers; Afferent | ||
| Ventral Nerve Roots | Contain motor fibers; Efferent (away from brain) | ||
| Dorsal Horns | Carry sensory nerve impulses to the brain or other parts of spinal cord | ||
| Ventral Horns | Carry motor nerve impulses to the spinal nerves. | ||
| Brain | Cerebrum; Cereebellum; Diencephalon; Brainstem | ||
| Main Components of Central Nervous System | Neurons; Cell bodies; The myelinated nerve fibers; Unmyelinated nerve fibers; Glial Cells | ||
| Gray Matter | Contains most of neuron cell bodies | ||
| White Matter | Contains most of the myelinated nerve fibers | ||
| Cerebrum | 1. Largest part of brain of domestic animals 2. Functions areassociated with learning and intelligence 3. Surface is coveredwith gyri; is separated by fissures and sulci 4. Longitudinal Fissure 5. Different lobes specialize in different functions | ||
| Longitudinal Fissure | Divides the brain into right and left cerebral hemispheres | ||
| Cerebellum | Behind cerebrum; the second largest component of brain; Located caudal to the cerebrum; Part of bain responsible for coordinated movement; balance' posture and complex reflexes; Any damage or disease may result in hypermetria | ||
| Hypermetria | An increase in movement | ||
| Diencephalon | Passageway between the brainstem and the cerebrum; It's role is temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, rage,ad anger responses; Associated structures: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland | ||
| Brainstem | Connected between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain; Many cranial nerves originate here; Components: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain; Responsible for maintenance o basic support functions of the bod; Operates at subconscious level | ||
| Subconscious level | Not thinking about an actio being done | ||
| Meninges | The connective tissue layers that surround the brain and the spinal cord; Helps supply nutrients and oxygen; provides some cushioning | ||
| 3 layers of Meninges | Dura Mater; Arachnoid; Pia Mater | ||
| Dura Mater | Yellow layer underneath the bone | ||
| Arachnoid | Spider webs | ||
| Pia Mater | Soft, Gentle | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Fluid between the layers of the meninges; Found in the canals and the cavities inside of the brain and the spinal cord; Provides some cushioning function; Has a role in regulation of the autonomic functions | Respiration and vomiting | |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | Separates capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissues; Capillary walls in the brain have no fenestrations; Covered by cell membranes of glial cells; Prevents many drugs, proteins, ions, and other molecules from passing from the blood into the brain | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs of nerves in theperipheral nervous system; Originate directly from the brain; Numbered in roman numerals from 1-12; I-XII | ||
| Each Cranial Nerves may contain | Axons of motor neurons; Axons of sensory neurons; Combination of both | ||
| Spinal Nerves | Come from between the vertebrae; The caudal continuation of the brainstem outside of the skull; It lies in the bony spinal canal formed by the vertebrae; Conducts sensory information and motor instructions between the brain and the rest of the body. | ||
| Spinal Cord | Medulla; Central Canal; Cortex; Dorsal nerve roots; Ventral nerve roots; Dorsal Horns; Ventral Horns | ||
| Medulla | Essential part of the spinal cord; Composed of gray matter | ||
| Central Canal | Filled with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | ||
| Cortex | the outer portion of the spinal cord; Composed of white matter; White matter surrounds the gray matter | ||
| Dorsal Nerve Roots | Contain sensory nerve fibers; Afferent | ||
| Ventral Nerve Roots | Contain motor fibers; Efferent (away from brain) | ||
| Dorsal Horns | Carry sensory nerve impulses to the brain or other parts of spinal cord | ||
| Ventral Horns | Carry motor nerve impulses to the spinal nerves. |
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KG256
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