Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nervous System Part1
| Neurotransmitters | produced by neurons; messages travel short distances across synapses; Allows the body to react quickly | |
| Hormones | Secreted directly into the bloodstream; messages travel long distances across synapses; Allows the body/system to react slowly | |
| 2 main divisions of Nervous System | Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System | |
| Central Nervous System | CNS; Brain + Spinal Cord | |
| Peripheral Nervous System | PNS; Links the nervesto the central nervous system to the rest of the body | |
| 3 main activities of the nervous system | 1. Sensory Functions 2. Integrating functions 3. Motor Functions | |
| Neurons | Nerve Cells; Basic unit of the nervous system; Have high requirement for oxygen; they cannot reproduce but they can regenerate cell processes; Have support and protection from the neuroglial cells | |
| Central Cell body | Perikaryon | |
| Soma | Body | |
| Peri | Around | |
| Karyon | Nucleus | |
| Perikaryon | Around the nucleus | |
| Dendrite cell processes | Receive stimuli from other nuclei; like tree branches; toward cell body; Snesory receptors (feel heat and cold) | |
| Afferent | Toward | |
| Axon cell processes | Conducts the nerve impulses away from the celllong process; covered i myelin (white matter; toward effector cell | |
| Efferent | Exit= away | |
| Myelinated axons | Conduct impulses faster than those with no myelin; Tight against axon | |
| Oligodendrocyte | Connector to the myelinated axons | |
| Schwann Cells/Oligodendrites | Cover the entire length of an axon | |
| Node of Ranvier | The gaps between the adjacent glial cells | |
| organization of the Central Nervous System | Components; Extend away from the central axis outward | Cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| Organization of the Peripheral Nervous System | Composed of the brain and spinal cord; Found along central axis | |
| Afferent Nerve Fibers | Conduct impulses toward the central nervous system; Also called sensory nerves | |
| Efferent Nerve Fibers | Conduct impulses away from the central nervous system; Also called motor nerves | |
| Mixed Nerves | Contains both kinds of nerve fibers; Found mostly in the peripheral nervous system | |
| Autonomic Nervous Sytem | The coordination of automatic body functions | Stimulating release of digestive juices to ingestion of a meal |
| Somatic Nervous System | Conscious or volunary control of our skeletal muscles that make the body move | |
| Resting State | Neuron is not being stimulated nothing is happening; Sodium is pumped out of the cell; Potassium pumped into the cell, negative charge inside the cell membrane | |
| Depolarization | Sodium channel opens ton the neuron cell membrane | |
| Passive diffusion | sodium ion passes into the cell membrane; positive charge | |
| Action Potential | switching of the electrical charge from negative to positive | |
| beginning of Repolarization | The sodium channels close; Potassium channels are going to open; Potassium ions will flow out of cell; Charge will be a negative direction | |
| Repolarization | Once sufficient outflow of potassium ion is restored then net negative charge will be nside the cell; Sodium and potassium ions are found on opposite sides of the cell membranes during this moment; Resting State is restored | |
| Threshold Stimulus | Stimulus strong enough to cause complete depolarization generates nerve impluse | |
| Nerve Impulse | Electrical charges flip across the cell membrane(depolarization) followedby unflipping of the electrical charges (repolarization) | Ripples in water when throwing a stone in a lake |
| Refractory Period | A very brief time period when a neuron isinsensitive to additional stimuli; Cell still in depolarization by early repolarization; Absolute Refractory Period; Relative Refractory period | |
| Saltatory Conduction | Action Potential; Each sodium channel stimulates the opening of adjacent channel; Depolarization in nmyelinated axons can only take place at the node of Ranvier | |
| Saltatory Rapid | of conducting an action potential | |
| How Neurons Communicate | The Synapse | |
| Synapse | The junction between two neurons or a neron and a target cell | |
| Synaptic Cleft | The gap between two adjacent neurons | |
| Presynaptic Neuron | Brings depolarization way to synapse; Releases neurotransmitters | |
| Postsynaptic Neuron | Contains receptors for the nreurotransmitters | |
| Synaptic Transmission | Perpetuation of the nerve impulse from one neuron to the next cell | |
| Repolarization wave causes | The vesicles to dump the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft | |
| Neurotransmitters diffuse | across the synaptic cleft towards the post synaptic cleft | |
| Receptors on the postsynaptic | membrane bind to the neurotransmitter | |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters | Cause an influx of sodium ions | |
| Inhibitory Neurotransmitter | Make inide of the cell more negative moving the charge within the postsynaptic cell further away from the threshold | |
| Neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine; Catecholamines; Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA) Glycine | |
| catecholamines | Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Dopamine | |
| Recycling the Neurotransmitter | The body's way to stop the effect of neurotransmitters | Acetylocholinesterase; MOnoamine oxidase (MAO); Catechol-o-methyl Transferase (COMT) |
| Three ways of recycling the neurotransmitter | Diffusion; Enzyme Neutralized; Reuptake of neurotransmitters |
Created by:
KG256
Popular Veterinary sets