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Turf Spray
NC Pesticide Cert.Core Manual Terms E-P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Economic Injury Level | The pest population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures. |
| Economic Threshold | The pest population density (number of pest per unit of area) at which control measures are needed to prevent the pest from causing economic injury |
| Emulsifiable Concentrate | A pesticide formu-lation produced by mixing an active ingredient and an emulsifying agent in a suitable petroleum solvent. When it is added to water, a milky emulsion is usually formed. |
| Emulsifying Agent (Emulsifier) | A chemical that aids in the suspension of one liquid in another that normally would not mix together |
| Emulsion | A mixture of two liquids that are not soluble in each another. One is suspended as very small droplets in the other with the aid of an emulsifying agent. Ex: emulsifiable concentrate in water. |
| Enclosed Cab | Tractor cab, cockpits, and truck/vehicle cabs that surround the occupant(s) and may help to prevent exposure to pesticides as long as all doors, hatches or windows are kept closed during the pesticide application. |
| Endangered Species | Individual plants or animals whose population has been reduced to near extinction. |
| Environment | All the features that surround and affect an organism or group of organisms |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | The federal agency responsible for implementing pesticide rules and regulations and registering pesticides. |
| EPA Establishment Number | A number assigned to each pesticide production facility by the EPA. The number indicates the plant at which the pesticide product was produced and must appear on all labels of that product. |
| EPA Registration Number | A number assigned to a pesticide product by the EPA when the product is registered by the manufacturer or the designated agent. The number must appear on all labels for a particular product. |
| Eradication | A pest management strategy that attempts to eliminate all members of a pest population from a defined area. |
| Exposure | Unwanted contact with pesticides or pesticide residues by people, other organisms, or the environment. |
| FIFRA | The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, a federal law dealing with pesticide regulations and use. |
| Flowable | A pesticide formulation in which a very finely ground solid particle, composed of both active and inert ingredients, is suspended in a liquid carrier. These formulations are mixed with water before spraying. |
| Foaming Agent | An adjuvant designed to reduce pesticide drift by producing a thick foam. |
| Foliar | Refers to pesticide applications to the leaves of plants |
| Formulation | The pesticide product as purchased, containing a mixture of one or more active ingredients, carriers (inert ingredients), and other additives diluted for safety and ease of application. |
| Fumigant | A pesticide that forms gases or vapors toxic to plants, animals, and microorganisms |
| Fungicide | A chemical used to control fungi. |
| General-Use Pesticide | A pesticide that can be purchased and used by the general public. (See RESTRICTED-USE PESTICIDE.) |
| Granule | A dry pesticide formulation. The active ingredient is either mixed with or coated onto an inert carrier to form a small, read-to-use, low-concentrate particle that does not normally present a drift hazard. |
| Granule | Pellets differ from granules only in their precise uniformity, larger size, and shape. |
| Groundwater | Water located in aquifers beneath the soil surface from which well water is obtained or surface springs are formed. |
| Growth Regulator | A chemical that alters the growth processes of a plant or animal |
| Habitat | The place where plants or animals live, feed, and reproduce. |
| Harvest Aid Chemical | A chemical material applied to a plant before harvest to reduce the amount of plant foliage. (See DEFOLIANT) |
| Hazard | The likelihood that injury or death will occur from a given level and duration of exposure to a toxic chemical. |
| Heat Stress | A potentially life-threatening over-heating of the body. |
| Herbicide | A pesticide used to control weeds. |
| Host | A plant or animal on or in which a pest lives and feeds. |
| Host Resistance | The ability of a host plant or animal to resist attack by pests or to be able to tolerate the damage caused by pests. |
| Hydraulic Sprayer | A type of pesticide application equipment that uses water under pressure to deliver the pesticide to the target site. |
| Illegal Residue | A quantity of pesticide remaining on or in the crop/animal at harvest/slaughter that is either above the set tolerance or is not allowed to be used on the crop/animal. |
| Incompatible | Two or more materials that cannot be mixed or used together. |
| Inert Ingredients | Inactive materials in a pesticide formulation that do not possess pesticidal activity, although some inert ingredients may be toxic or hazardous to humans. |
| Ingredient Statement | The portion of the label on a pesticide container that gives the name and amount of each active ingredient and the total amount of inert ingredients in the formulation. |
| Inhalation Toxicity | The property of a pesticide to be poisonous to humans or animals when breathed in through the nose and mouth into the lungs. |
| Inorganic Pesticides | Pesticides of mineral origin -they do not contain carbon. |
| Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) | A type of insecticide that controls certain insects by disrupting their normal growth process from immature to adult. |
| Insecticide | A pesticide used to control or prevent damage caused by insects and related arthropods. |
| Insects | Arthropods characterized by a body composed of three segments and three pairs of legs. |
| Insoluble | Refers to a chemical that does not dissolve in a liquid. Ex: a wettable powder does not dissolve in water but rather forms a suspension. |
| Integrated Pest Management (IMP) | The use of all suitable pest control methods to deep pest populations below the economic injury level. Methods include cultural practices; use of biological physical, and genetic control agents; and selective use of pesticides. |
| Invert Emulsion | An emulsion in which water droplets and suspended in an oil rather than the oil droplets being suspended in water. |
| Invertebrate | A class of animals that lack backbones. Insects, spiders, nematodes, and snails and slugs are examples of invertebrates. |
| Key Pest | A pest that may cause major damage on a regular basis unless it is controlled. (See SECONDARY PEST) |
| Label | All printed material attached to or part of a pesticide container. The label is a legal document. |
| Labeling | The pesticide product label and all supplemental pesticide information that complements the information on the label but may not necessarily be attached to or part of the container. |
| Larvae (singular: LARVA) | immature forms of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis -developmental stages are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. |
| Leaching | The movement through soil of a pesticide or other chemical that is dissolved in water. |
| Life Cycle | The series of stages that an organism passes through during its life. Many pest species, both plants and animals, pass through several life stages during which their susceptibility or tolerance to pesticides varies greatly. |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Safety data sheet available from the manufacturer that provides info. on chemical properties, toxicity, first aid, hazards, personal protective equipment and emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a spill, leak, fire or transportation crisis. |
| Metamorphosis | A change in the shape, size, and/or form of animals as they develop from eggs through adults. |
| Microbial Degradation | Breakdown of a chemical by microorganisms |
| Microbial Pesticide | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms used to control pests. Also called BIORATIONALS. |
| Microorganism | An organism that is so small it cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope. |
| Mini-Bulk Container | A container that ranges in volume from 40 to 600 gallons and is adapted to closed systems. A mini-bulk container can be returned to the dealer for refilling. |
| Mite | A small arthropod similar to an insect but with eight legs, two body parts, and no antennae. |
| Miticide | A pesticide used to control mites. Same as ACARICIDE. |
| Mode of Action | The way in which a pesticide exerts a toxic effect on the target plant, animal, or microorganism |
| Molluscicide | A chemical used to control snails and slugs. |
| Molting | In invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and mites, the process of shedding the outer body covering or exoskeleton. Molting takes place to allow the animal to grow larger. |
| Narrow-Spectrum Pesticide | A pesticide that is effective against only one or a few species or pests; the term is usually associated with insecticides and fungicides. |
| Natural Enemies | The predators, parasites, and pathogens that attack and often kill other organisms. |
| Nematicide | A pesticide used to control nematodes. |
| Nematodes | Microscopic, colorless, worm-like animals that live as saprophytes or parasites. Many cause diseases of plants or animals. |
| Non-Persistent Pesticide | A pesticide that does not remain active in the environment more that one growing season. |
| Non-Point-Source Pollution | Pollution that comes from a widespread area. The movement of pesticides into streams or groundwater following application to an agricultural field, large turf area, or right-of-way is an example of non-point-source pollution. |
| Non-Selective Pesticide | A pesticide that is toxic to a wide range of plants or animals without regard to species. Ex: a non-selective herbicide can kill or damage all plants it contracts. |
| Non-Target Organisms | Plants or animals within or adjacent to a pesticide-treated area that are not the intended targets of a pesticide application. |
| Noxious Weed | A plant defined by law as being particularly troublesome, undesirable, and difficult to control. |
| Nymph | The developmental state of insects with gradual metamorphosis that hatches from the egg. Nymphs become adults |
| Oral Toxicity | The occurrence of injury when a pesticide is taken by mouth. |
| Organophosphates | Large group of pesticides that contain the element phosphorus. Most are not-persistent insecticides, miticides, and nematicides. Many are highly toxic. Ex: malathion, parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos. |
| Ovicide | a material that destroys eggs. |
| Parasite | A plant, animal or microorganism living in, on, or with another living organism for the purpose of obtaining all or part of its food. |
| Pathogen | A disease-causing organism |
| Pellet | A pesticide formulation consisting of dry active and inert ingredients pressed into a uniformly sized and shaped ready-to use material; larger than granules. |
| Penetrant | An adjuvant added to a spray mixture to enhance the absorption of a pesticide. |
| Perennial | A plant that lives for more than two years |
| Permeability | Refers to the ease with which water and dissolved pesticides can flow through porous materials such as soil, gravel, or sand. |
| Persistent Pesticide | A pesticide chemical (or its metabolites) that remains active in the environment more than one growing season. Some compounds can accumulate in animal and plant tissues or remain in the soil for years. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Devices and clothing that protect pesticide applicators, handlers, and workers from exposure to pesticides. |
| Pest | An undesirable organism (insect, bacterium, fungus, nematode, weed, virus rodent) that is injurious to humans, desirable plants and animals, manufactured products, or natural products. |
| Pesticide | Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, and any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, desiccant. |
| Pesticide Concentrate | A pesticide formulation before any dilution occurs. |
| Pesticide Handler | A person who works directly with pesticides, such as during mixing, loading, transporting, cleaning, storing, disposing, and applying, or who repairs pesticide application equipment. |
| Pest Resistance | The ability of an insect, fungus, weed, rodent, or other pest to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it. |
| pH | A measure of acidity/alkalinity; acid below pH7, basic or alkaline above pH7. |
| Pheromone | A substance emitted by an animal to influence the behavior of other animals of the same species. Some are synthetically produced for use in insect traps. |
| Photodegradation | Breakdown of chemicals by the action of sunlight. |
| Phytotoxicity | Chemical injury to plants |
| Piscicide | A chemical used to control pest fish. |
| Placards | Public notices. US Dept. of Transportation placards are diamond-shaped warning signs placed on all vehicles that transport certain types and quantities of hazardous materials. |
| Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) | A pesticide used to regulate or alter the normal growth of plants or the development of their plant parts. |
| Point of Runoff | When a spray starts to run or drip from the leaves and stems of plants, or the hair or feathers of animals. |
| Point-Source Pollution | The contamination of water and soil from a specific, identifiable place or location, such as a spill site or a permanent mixing, loading, and cleaning site. |
| Poison Control Center | An agency, generally a hospital, that has current information on proper first-aid techniques and antidotes for poisoning emergencies. |
| Postemergence | a pesticide that is applied after the weed or crop plants have appeared through the soil. Usually used to specify the timing of herbicide applications. |
| PPM | Parts per million. One part per million equals 1 pound in 500 tons. |
| Precipitate | A solid substance that forms in a liquid and settles to the bottom of a container; a material that no longer remains in suspension. |
| Predator | An animal that attacks, kills, and feeds on other animals. Ex: of predaceous animals are bears, wolves, coyotes, hawks, owls, snakes, fish, spiders, and many insects and mites. |
| Preemergence | A pesticide that is applied before the weed or crop plants have appeared through the soil. Usually used to specify the timing of herbicide applications. |
| Preharvest Interval | The minimum number of days permitted by law between the last pesticide application and the harvest date. Same as days to harvest. |
| Premix | A pesticide product formulated by the manufacturer with more that one active ingredient. |
| Preplant Pesticide | a pesticide applied before planting a crop |
| Pressure-Rinse | The process of decontaminationg an empty pesticide container with water by using a special high-pressure nozzle to rinse the container. |
| Private Applicator | A person using or supervision the use of restricted-use pesticides to produce an agricultural commodity on his/her own land, leased land, or rented land, or on the lands of his/her employer. |
| Propellant | The inert ingredient in self-pressurized products that forces the active ingredient from the container. (See AEROSOL) |
| Protectant | A pesticide applied to a plant or animal before infection or attack by the pest to prevent infection or injury by the pest. |
| Protective Equipment | Equipment intended to protect a person from exposure during the handling and application of pesticides. Includes long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, coveralls, suitable hats, gloves, shoes, respirators, and other safety items as needed. |
| Pupa | The developmental stage of some insects between larva and adult |
| Pyrethroid | A synthetic insecticide that mimics pyrethrin, a naturally occurring pesticide derived from certain species of chrysanthemum flowers. |
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