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GP U1 Anat & Pyhsio
S1: The heart and circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the heart located | It is located behind and to the right of the sternum |
| In order to function effectively as a pump, the heart needs to direct blood through what 3 things | atria, ventricles and then the arteries of the body |
| The heart prevents unwanted back-flow of blood using what | valves |
| what will compromise the efficiency of each heartbeat, which is likely to affect exercise performance and general health. | back flow of blood |
| The main valves of the heart are the | atrioventricular valves and the semi-lunar valves |
| which valves prevent the back-flow of blood from one to the other | atrioventricular valves |
| Name the tendon-like chords that anchor the atrioventricular valves in place when they snap shut | chordae tendineae |
| Name the tendon-like chords that prevent the valve flaps from being pushed too far into the atria. | chordae tendineae |
| which valves are located at the base of the arteries leaving the heart (aorta and pulmonary artery) | semi-lunar valves |
| During relaxation of the ventricles, which valves are forced shut by blood in the arteries attempting to flow back in to the heart. | semi-lunar valves |
| during the cardiac cycle what causes the distinct ‘lub-dub’ noises associated with the heartbeat. | The sequential shutting of valves |
| what forces both the left/right atrioventricular valves to open/close | contraction/relaxation of the left/right ventricle chambers |
| The semi lunar valves of the heart are forced shut by the blood pressure from which two arteries as the ventricular chambers relax | Aorta & Pulmonary Arteries |
| The heart, like any other living tissue, requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients; how are these carried | in the blood |
| How many branches is the coronary circulation comprised of | two branches |
| The coronary circulation is comprised of two branches, which stem from the base of the ? | Aorta |
| Name the main artery leaving the left ventricle ? | Aorta |
| The two branches formed by the left and right coronary arteries, subdivide into a crown-like network of ? | blood vessels |
| what supplies both the superficial and deep tissues of the heart with nutrients and oxygen. | The two branches formed by the left and right coronary arteries (Coronary circulation) |
| Vascular disease is the narrowing of the ? | blood vessels |
| Vascular disease is caused by a build-up on the vessel wall called | plaque |
| What restricts or prevents blood flow to tissues and organs | Vascular disease plaque build-up on the vessel wall |
| The term given to the narrowing of the arteries is | atherosclerosis |
| the term given to the hardening of the vessel walls is | arteriosclerosis |
| arteriosclerosis is known to do what to the vessel walls | hardening them |
| atherosclerosis is known to do what to the vessel walls | narrow them |
| What one of the main causes of death in the developed world | Vascular disease |
| what creates a build-up of plaques | the accumulation of mineral, protein and fat deposits, |
| what disease are these symptons associated with ? a reduced ability to exercise, bouts of chest pain (angina) and even heart attacks. It is also linked to strokes and kidney disease | Vascular disease |
| what is linked to ischemic heart disease and cerebro-vascular disease? | High blood pressure |
| which heart disease covers a variety of heart conditions, including valve disease and more acute problems, such as a myocardial infarction (heart attack). | ischemic heart disease |
| which disease effects the blood vessels and blood supply to the brain includes acute problems, including haemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, and chronically degenerative conditions, like vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. | cerebro-vascular disease |
| two of the three biggest killers in the developed world ? IHD - CVD | ischemic heart disease and cerebro-vascular disease? |
| which blood pressure is the pressure of blood during the relaxation phase of the heartbeat | Diastolic |
| which blood pressure is the pressure of blood during the contraction phase of the heartbeat | Systolic |
| which BP Reading is always the lower of the two pressures | Diastolic |
| which BP Reading is always the higher of the two pressures | Systolic |
| At what BP reading are clients encouraged to see their doctor before commencing physical activity programmes | Higer than 144/ 94 mmHg or low BP as well |
| Short or long term effect of exercise on Vascular system ? Changes to the heart rate and blood pressure. An increase in stroke volume – the volume of blood pumped out per beat. A greater cardiac output – total volume of blood pumped per minute | Short Term |
| short-term changes are known as which natural responses to physical activity | physiological |
| To which group of individuals may natural physiological responses to physical activity be exaggerated in ? | people who already have high blood pressure. |
| An increase in heart rate will almost always cause a rise in which BP Reading, but may not affect the diastolic pressure. | Systolic |
| which BP Reading shows a Short-term increase which usually only occurs as a result of breath-holding or isometric muscular contractions | diastolic |
| Short or long term effect of exercise on Vascular system ? Reduced risk of vascular disease Higher resting stroke volume Lower resting heart Rate & BP | long term |
| What happens Short-term to BP naturally from physical activity | Increases |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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