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exam 1

QuestionAnswer
Morphologic diagnosis features of lesion and organ
eitologic diagnosis causative agent, organ, how affecting organ
SER function metabolizing drugs, lipids, glycogen
RER function protein syn.
anisocytosis cells all different sizes
Anisokaryosis nucleoli different colors
signs of reversible cell injury cell swelling, ER swelling, loss microvilli, mem blebs, clumped chromatin, lipid accumulation, myelin figures
Signs of irreversible cell injury Mitochondria dysfunction, cell membrane damage.
Hydropic degeneration Cell swelling in skin cells, epithelial cells
Cytotoxic edema cell swelling in astrocytes
Metaplasia replacement of one cell type with another. function of the cell changes. Lineage choices: epithelial or mesenchymal. Adaption to chronic injury.
Anaplasia Loss of structural and functional de-differentiation
the proinflammatory mediators produced during reperfusion injury Epoxy-acids Prostaglandins Leukotrienes
Compounds that neutralize free radicals Superoxide dismutase Glutathione peroxidase Vitamine E/Selenium Vitamin C
pyknosis nuclei condenses and becomes small/dark. clumping of chromatin
Karyorrhexis nuclei fragments
Karyolysis lysis of nucleus
pyknosis, karryorrhexis and karyolysis are features of what cellular process necrosis
PAS stains for what starches, sugars, glycogen
Sudan Black or Oil red stains for what Lipid
Dystrophic calcification results from dying cells. precipitation of calcium in tissues
Metastatic calcification results from hypercalcemia
AL amyloid secreted in B cell proliferative disorders
AA amyloid liver secreted SSA during inflamtion. mis-folding of beta pleated sheet.
Beta amyloid seen in humans with Alzeheimers
Iodine stain Fresh tissue. Stain starch
Congo red used on formalin fixed tissue. stains amyloid
apple green perfringence congo red stain under polarized light
Organs most affected by amyloids Kidney, liver, spleen
melanin formed by oxidation of tyrosine. can occur because of chronic inflammation
lipofuscin end result of autophagocytosis. undergradable material accumulation.
Ceroids look very similar to liopfuscin. pathogenic. result of malnutrition, vit E deficiency . brown gut
methemoglobin Ferrous iron in hemoglobin converted to ferric iron. brown colored blood. Nitrated, chlorates
Hemosiderin aggregates of ferritin. Golden yellow to brown globules seen in: spleen, liver, heart failure cells, bruises
Hematoiden yellow brown to organge red. contains no iron. resembles bilirubin.
bilirubin result of RBC degradation in macrophages
Gout urate deposition. due to dehydration, renal failure, excess protein intake
pseudomelanosis Bacteria break down of blood. produces hydrogen sulfide. greenish grey to black coloration
rigor mortis contraction and stiffening of muscles after death. begins 1-6 hrs after death and passes in 36-48 hrs.
livor mortis hypostatic congestion. gravitational pooling of blood
Created by: ejohnson17
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