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exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Morphologic diagnosis | features of lesion and organ |
| eitologic diagnosis | causative agent, organ, how affecting organ |
| SER function | metabolizing drugs, lipids, glycogen |
| RER function | protein syn. |
| anisocytosis | cells all different sizes |
| Anisokaryosis | nucleoli different colors |
| signs of reversible cell injury | cell swelling, ER swelling, loss microvilli, mem blebs, clumped chromatin, lipid accumulation, myelin figures |
| Signs of irreversible cell injury | Mitochondria dysfunction, cell membrane damage. |
| Hydropic degeneration | Cell swelling in skin cells, epithelial cells |
| Cytotoxic edema | cell swelling in astrocytes |
| Metaplasia | replacement of one cell type with another. function of the cell changes. Lineage choices: epithelial or mesenchymal. Adaption to chronic injury. |
| Anaplasia | Loss of structural and functional de-differentiation |
| the proinflammatory mediators produced during reperfusion injury | Epoxy-acids Prostaglandins Leukotrienes |
| Compounds that neutralize free radicals | Superoxide dismutase Glutathione peroxidase Vitamine E/Selenium Vitamin C |
| pyknosis | nuclei condenses and becomes small/dark. clumping of chromatin |
| Karyorrhexis | nuclei fragments |
| Karyolysis | lysis of nucleus |
| pyknosis, karryorrhexis and karyolysis are features of what cellular process | necrosis |
| PAS stains for what | starches, sugars, glycogen |
| Sudan Black or Oil red stains for what | Lipid |
| Dystrophic calcification | results from dying cells. precipitation of calcium in tissues |
| Metastatic calcification | results from hypercalcemia |
| AL amyloid | secreted in B cell proliferative disorders |
| AA amyloid | liver secreted SSA during inflamtion. mis-folding of beta pleated sheet. |
| Beta amyloid | seen in humans with Alzeheimers |
| Iodine stain | Fresh tissue. Stain starch |
| Congo red | used on formalin fixed tissue. stains amyloid |
| apple green perfringence | congo red stain under polarized light |
| Organs most affected by amyloids | Kidney, liver, spleen |
| melanin | formed by oxidation of tyrosine. can occur because of chronic inflammation |
| lipofuscin | end result of autophagocytosis. undergradable material accumulation. |
| Ceroids | look very similar to liopfuscin. pathogenic. result of malnutrition, vit E deficiency . brown gut |
| methemoglobin | Ferrous iron in hemoglobin converted to ferric iron. brown colored blood. Nitrated, chlorates |
| Hemosiderin | aggregates of ferritin. Golden yellow to brown globules seen in: spleen, liver, heart failure cells, bruises |
| Hematoiden | yellow brown to organge red. contains no iron. resembles bilirubin. |
| bilirubin | result of RBC degradation in macrophages |
| Gout | urate deposition. due to dehydration, renal failure, excess protein intake |
| pseudomelanosis | Bacteria break down of blood. produces hydrogen sulfide. greenish grey to black coloration |
| rigor mortis | contraction and stiffening of muscles after death. begins 1-6 hrs after death and passes in 36-48 hrs. |
| livor mortis | hypostatic congestion. gravitational pooling of blood |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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