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Pharmacology
Chapter 13 Anti-parasitic Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List ingredients found in common anthelmintics and insecticides. | Benimidazoles, organophosphates, tetrahydropyrimidines, imidazothiazoles, avermectins, bunamidine, epsiprantel, clorsulon, albendazole, praziquantel, melarsomine, dihydrochloride, imidacloprid, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime, diethylcarbamazine, citrate, |
| Explain insecticide delivery systems. | pet sprays, dips, shampoos, dusts, yard/kennel sprays, flea & tick collars, systemics, foggers. Environmental sprays are usually residual; pet sprays need to be reapplied daily or every 2-3 days. Pyrethrins used with synergists for max effect. |
| Explain how to educate clients regarding antiparasitic drugs. | Allowing clients & children to view parasites under microscope; show how to collect fresh fecal sample from pet for most accurate diagnosis; special instructions explained & provided in writing. Encourage questions. |
| Explain the importance of reading & understanding product labels. | All medications have specific instructions and warnings. The Vet Tech needs to be able to understand the labels to accurately explain to the client what they need to do and what side effects to watch for. |
| What are Antinematodal parasiticides? | Treat patients for parasitic worms; benzimidazoles, organophosphates, tetrahydropyrimidines, imidazothiazoles, avermections. |
| What does the acronym SLUDGE stand for? | salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis. These are the symptoms of organophosphate toxicity. Atropine may be used as an antidote. |
| What are potential side effects of avermectins? | Invertebrates are susceptibile to them. |
| List some anticestodal drugs. | These are used to treat cestodes (tapeworms): bunamidine (not for puppies or cats younger than 4 weeks/6weeks; epsiprantel (not for puppies/kittens under 7 weeks. safety for pregnant animals not established). |
| List some antitrematodal drugs. | Clorsulon (not approved for female dairy cattle of breeding age, read label regarding food animals); albendazole; praziquantel. |
| what solutions are available for cats when oral administration of parasiticides are too difficult? | topical solutions such as emodepside/praziquantel (for cats 8 weeks & older). |
| What drugs may be used to treat coccidia & other protozoa? | monensin (turkeys/chicks); amprolium (calves); clopidol (chickens); diclazuril (horses); decoquinate (cattle, calves & goats); sulfadimethhoxine (dogs, cats, chickens & turkeys); robenidine hydrochloride (chickens); ponazuril (horses). |
| List some drugs used to prevent/treat giardia. | Metronidazole (dogs & cats but not pregnant animals); albendazole (dogs & cats). Vomiting & diarrhea may occur but is uncommon. There is also an annual vaccination; sanitation practices required to avoid zoonotic disease. |
| What drugs can be used to treat Babesia (babesiosis)? | Imizol (dogs, two injections over a 2 week interval); atovaquone (dogs; in combination w/ azithromycin for cytauxzoonosis in cats); diminazene aceturate (several species, not available in US); imidocarb dipropinate. |
| When are adulticides appropriate for treating heartworm disease? | Melarsomine dihychloride is not for dogs with severe disease (Class 4); used when presence of worms in heart is known; exercise should be restricted after treatment. |
| List some preventive treatments for heartworms. | Imidacloprid plus moxidectin (dogs 7wks & older-3 lbs or more; cats 9 wks & older, over 2 lbs); ivermectin; milbemycin oxime (not puppies under 4 wks); moxidectin (not puppies under 8 wks); selamectin (not puppies/kittens under 6 wks); DEC--read label. |
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kidtaxi9
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