Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Pharmacology

Chapter 7 Drugs Used in Cardiovascular System Disorders

QuestionAnswer
Describe the anatomy of the heart. Four chambered pump. Dorsal chambers= atria; ventral chambers=ventricles. Right atrium & ventricle are "right-side pump"--blood returning to heart from general circulation. "Left-side pump"--blood returning from lungs. Valves prevent backflow.
In the heart, why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right? It works harder than the right.
What are the two phases of pumping action in the heart? Systole--period of contraction of the chambers; diastole--relaxation phase when chambers are filling with blood.
What is the S/A node of the heart? Cardiac pacemaker; controls the heart rate.
Describe how impulses from the S/A node travel through the heart. The atrioventricular node receives impulses from the S/A node. The impulses then travel down the bundle of His (left & right branches) and into the ventricular muscle via Purkinje fibers.
What is depolarization? Rapid influx of sodium ions; slower influx of calcium ions; outflow of potassium ions. Results in contraction.
What do the waves of an electrocardiogram represent? Each wave represents activity in a particular area of the heart. P=atrial depolarization; QRS= ventricular depolarization; T=ventricular repolarization.
What are the four compensatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system? Increase heart rate; increase stroke volume; increase efficiency of heart muscle; cardiac remodeling (increase size & strength).
What are the basic objectives in treating cardiovascular disease? control rhythm disturbances; increase strength of contractions; decrease preload/afterload; increase oxygenation of blood; ancillary treatment
What is an inotropic drug? Improves the strength of contraction of the heart. The heart supposedly has reserve capacity that can be called on to improve cardiac output. Examples--cardiac glycosides (digitalis); catecholamines (epinephrine); inotropic, mixed dilator.
What is a chronotropic drug? Affects the heart rate, not the strength of contraction. Examples: antiarrhythmia drugs.
What are the indications, effects and side effects of cardiac glycosides (digitalis)? Indications: CHF, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia; effects--improved contractility, decreased heart rate, antiarrhythmic effects, decreased signs of dyspnea; side effects-anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmias.
List the categories of antiarrhythmic drugs and give examples. Class IA--qunidine, procainamide Class IB--lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine Class II--beta-adrenergic blockers (propranolol) Class III-bretylium, amiodarone Class IV-calcium channel blockers (verapamil, amlodipine, nifedipine, dilitiazem)
List potential adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Bradycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, depression, hypotension, ataxia, muscle tremors, laminitis (horses), weakness, pulmonary edema.
Describe actions and potential side effects of vasodilator drugs. Act by dilating veins, arteries or both. Dilation of arteries decreases afterload; dilation of veins reduces preload. Side effects include rashes, hypotension, syncope, vomiting, diarrhea, azotemia, hyperkalemia.
Describe actions & potential side effects of ACE inhibitors. Prevent angiotensin I from converting into angiotensin II by inhibiting the enzymes; mild preload & significant afterload reduction (vasodilators). Side effects: vomiting, diarrhea, azotemia, hyperkalemia, hypotension, and others.
What is an ectopic focus/foci? A local group of cells that begins to depolarize faster than the sinoatrial node. It is a foci if more than one location is involved.
Created by: kidtaxi9
Popular Veterinary sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards