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Sport 1.3
1.3 Know about the components of fitness and the principles of training
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aerobic endurance | The ability of the cardiorespiratory system to work efficiently over a period of time to supply nutrients and oxygen to working muscles. |
| muscular endurance | The ability of the muscular system to work efficiently over a period of time against a light to moderate fixed resistance. |
| flexibility | Having an adequate range of motion in all joints of the body. |
| speed | Distance travelled divided by time taken, measured in metres per second. |
| accelerative speed | Speed in sprints up to 30 metres. |
| pure speed | Speed in sprints up to 60 metres. |
| speed endurance | Speed in sprints with a short recovery period in-between. |
| muscular strength | The maximum force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group. |
| body composition | The relative ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass in the body. |
| agility | The ability of a sports performer to quickly and precisely move or change direction without losing balance or time. |
| balance | The ability to maintain centre of mass over a base of support. It can be static or dynamic. |
| static balance | The ability to balance while stationary. |
| dynamic balance | The ability to balance whilst in motion or switching positions. |
| coordination | The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. |
| power | The combined product of strength and speed. |
| reaction time | The time taken to respond to a stimulus. |
| intensity | The ..... of training is often measured by heart rate in beats per minute (bpm). |
| maximum heart rate | This measurement can be estimated as 220 bpm minus age in years. |
| recommended training zone | This is set at 60-85% of maximum heart rate for cardiovascular training. |
| adaptation | The body’s increased ability to cope with the demands of training. |
| progressive overload | The principle that training needs to be made progressively more demanding in order to cause adaptation. |
| rest and recovery | This is required for adaptation to occur, in order to give the body time make physical adaptations. |
| reversibility | The loss of desired adaptation to training, when it is stopped for too long or is not demanding enough. |