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VetNursing2 Surgical
Final & Practicum Review - Spring Quarter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which instrument should be used to place scalpel blade onto scalpel handle? | Needle holders |
| Which needle holders have scissors included in the jaws. | Olsen-Hegar |
| Which scissors are light-weight and fine of shape, used to cut delicate tissues? | Metzenbaum |
| Basic cleaning of surgical instruments involves: (3): | Pre-soaking, then decontaminated |
| True or False: after the autoclaving procedure is complete, all packs are considered sterile for at least three months. (single or double wrapped, linen or polypopylene) | False. It varies with storage practice, double or single wrap, and material used. |
| True or False: It is okay to reuse linen wraps for surgical packing, unless the material has holes or fraying. | True |
| What is the intended use of the Senn Retractor? | Hand held retractor, blunt end (delicate tissues), sharp end ( tougher tissues). |
| What is the intended use of the Rongeurs? | Used to cut small pieces of bone. *French for rodent or "gnawer" |
| Describe the basic steps in preparing a surgical pack for the autoclave after the instruments have been cleaned. | Dry, immerse in instrument milk, dry, add instruments to pack heaviest first. Ring handled instruments closed but not locked- except towel clamps (clamp ratchet once). Add indicator strip to middle of pack. Surgeon needs needle holder, operating scissors. |
| Describe aseptic prep of unassisted operating room (OR) personnel in order (5): | Remove jewelry, pens, and name tags. Don cap and mask. Open glove, towel, and gown packs. Perform hand prep. Don gown and closed gloving. |
| When performing a surgical hand prep, what is the correct position of the hands? | Finger-tips above the plane of the elbows at all times. |
| True or false: when opening an envelope wrapped surgical pack aseptically, the LVT will open the flap to the right first. | False. Furthest from them. |
| Following manufacture's recommendations, surgical alcohol-based hand rubs are as effective as traditional hand scrub techniques. | True. Possibly better. |
| True or False: when opening plastic pouch containing sterile items, the Tech should grasp each side of the peeling wrap between the thumb and forefinger and pull each side directly apart without rotating wrists. | True |
| When drying the hands with a sterile towel after a hand scrub, the best aseptic technique is: | From finger tips to elbow circumferentially. |
| True or false: prior to the surgical scrub, the fingernails should be cleaned with a pick. | True |
| Each surface of each finger should be brushed a minimum of five times during the hand scrub procedure. | False: 10x |
| Describe the location (extent of the sterile field on a surgeon or surgical assistant gown. | Front: chest to field height. Hands/Arms: up to two inches above the elbows. Collars: not sterile due to perspiration. Back: not sterile because it cannot be watched at all times. |
| Name three things to remember in the surgical suite: (body awareness) | Minimum PPE (mask/cap). Keep gloved hands above the waist. Keep clipboard and other non-sterile items away from/not over the sterile field. |
| Potential skin reactions due to the surgical prep process can be caused by: (3) | Improper clipping technique. Poorly maintained clipper blades. Chemical reactions. |
| The clipper blade size most commonly used for a small animal surgical prep is a: | #40 |
| When clipping the hair for a surgical field, a good "rule of thumb" is: ___ clipper blade widths in every direction from the planned incision line. | two |
| When the circulating technician is setting up for electrosurgery, the circulating technician should: | Avoid the use of alcohol during the procedure or in prep. If it absolutely has to be used, confirm that it is completely evaporated. |
| The ideal rinse during surgical prep of a mucous membrane or open wound is: | sterile saline |
| Hypothermia may cause (3): | Prolonged anesthesia recovery. Immune system dysfunction. Hypotension. |
| The correct scrub pattern to prepare the skin for an abnormal procedure is: | outward spiral from incision |
| Laser surgery may pose safety concerns due to: (3) | Toxic plume from surgery site. Retinal/ocular lens damage to staff. Fire of flammable agents. |
| Name two patient factors that increase the risk for hypothermia. | Age: very old/young. Malnourishment: under-weight or thin. |
| Name two procedure factors that increase the risk of hypothermia. | Length of the procedure. Drugs used. |
| Describe the skin preparation for an orthopedic procedure of a limb: | Glove foot/wrap in tape (not too tight). Add stirrup & secure with tape. Suspend leg by securing to IV pole. Shave the entire circumference of the limb to the joints proximal and distal to the proposed incision. Vacuum. Scrub/Rinse 3X distal to proximal. |
| Describe the final surgical scrub that occurs in the operating room. | Don gloves (sterile ideal). Done at lease three times: the entire limb (all four quadrants) is scrubbed again while suspended from an I.V. pole, then rinsed (from tape edge toward the body). Paint prepped skin with an antiseptic solution. |
| List four things the circulating technician should do prior to starting of anesthesia. | Pre-anesthesia meds administered and documented. Verify patient ID/procedure. Verify consent form complete and signed. Blood work reviewed by DVM. Canine patients walk to empty bladder/bowel. |
| A laceration wound that occurred 3 days prior to presentation and now has a foul odor is a: | infected wound |
| When a wound heals without any sutures or staples, it is called: | Secondary Intention Healing |
| Dehiscence is ___ around the suture site. It may be cause by (3): | Necrosis. Tension on the sutures. Infection. Allergic reaction to suture material. |
| Proper wound management includes: | Sterile water-soluble lubricant in wound prior to clipping. |
| Healthy granulation tissue: (characteristics)(3): | Pink. Shiny. Bleeds Easily. |
| True or false: A Mason Meta "Spoon" splint is placed on the medial aspect of the affected limb. | False |
| When applying bandage material, the new layer should overlap the previous layer by: | 50% *Relieve pressure on wraps with elastic as you wrap. |
| True or false: The purpose of a Robert Jones Bandage is to immobilize a fractured bone during the 4-6 weeks of healing time. | False |
| True or False: A moist aseptic environment is ideal for optimum healing of an open wound. | True |
| True or False: the tape stirrup is an optional part of bandaging a limb in a dog or cat. | False |
| Name two wound factors that effect healing. | Poor blood supply. Infection. |
| Name two patient factors that effect healing. | Malnutrition: insufficient protein. Obesity. |
| List a minimum of four important points to teach clients about care/monitoring of bandages at home. | Questions, bandage wet/soiled, animal chewing or licking: call clinic. Toes should be checked 2-3 times a day for temperature, color, swelling. If an odor is noticed, call. Do not allow the bandage to get wet/soiled. Take bag off when back inside. Rest. |
| Describe the purpose/function of the Primary Layer of the Modified Robert Jones Bandage. | Contact w/skin. Adherent aids in debridement. Non-adherent: protects skin or wound from adhesion. |
| Describe the purpose/function of the Secondary Layer of the Modified Robert Jones Bandage. | The padding layer. Cushions for additional patient comfort and absorbs exudate. |
| Describe the purpose/function of the Tertiary Layer of the Modified Robert Jones Bandage. | Out layer. It protects the second layer. |
| List three possible complications of a bandage that is incorrectly applied. | Additional bone damage: poor placement of bandage causing pressure points. Abrasion/wound development: bandage slides, twists, is applied @ a joint. If the bandage was applied too tight causing edema or poor profusion limb may become cold or heal poorly. |
| Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is equal to? | 1/3 systolic and 2/3 diastolic pressure. Ideally > 60 mmHg. If < 60mmHg, can cause Kidney Failure, Pancreatitis, Hearth Arrhythmia, Cognitive Dysfunction. |
| An IV fluid additive to maintenance fluid that can be safely administered at anesthesia fluid rates is: | glucose |
| True or False: A "fluid bolus" is an amount of fluid designated to be given rapidly IV. Sometimes over a 20 minute period. | True |
| True or false: Macrodrips administration sets are always 15 gtt/mL. | False. 10, 12, 15, 20 |
| When placing four quadrant draping, it is okay to adjust the towel moving it away from the incision site, if necessary. | True |
| The correct passing technique for a ringed instrument to a surgeon is: | Firmly press instrument into the surgeon's palm ring handles down tips to the sky. |
| The correct passing of thumb forceps is tips down shank up. | True |
| Poor perfusion (hypotension) may cause (2): | Kidney failure. Heart arrhythmias. |
| True or False: Fenestrated drapes should be large, covering as much of the patient and table as possible. | True |
| When pouring a sterile solution into a sterile bowl (in the sterile field) it is very important that (3): | The outer side of the pour container does not touch the sterile bowl or table. There is no splash onto the sterile field. The solution has not expired and ideally is at body temperature. |
| When placing four corner drapes, remember two important things: | Proper grasping (index and middle finger) of corners to protect gloves and drape should be close to the proposed incision site but not over it. |
| When should a sponge count happen? | Before the first incision and closing of any incision. Ideally, they are also counted when the surgical pack is put together. |
| Describe the general technique for passing an instrument to a surgeon. | The assistant needs to know, and keep in mind which is the surgeon's dominant hand. The instrument should be passed in a manner that allows the surgeon to us it comfortably/effectively with little or no adjustment. |
| List six responsibilities of the surgical Assistant (scrubbed tech): | Instrument + Sponge count. Instrument passing. Assist w/ patient draping. Dabbing bleeds so surgeon can see to work. Keep tissue moist. Moist tissue is happy tissue. Retracting tissue or organs as necessary. |
| Why is it important that IV fluid bags with additives that are being given to a hospitalized patient not be given to that patient during anesthesia/surgery. | IV fluids are given at rapid rates during surgery and many additives would be given to the patient at unsafe doses. Anesthesia fluid rates can be twice maintenance rates. |
| When performing an abdominal surgery and the patient is in dorsal recumbency with a midline incision, a routine 3-layer closure includes: | linea alba, subcutaneous, and cutaneous (skin) layers. |
| An open castration: | Means the tunics are incised and the spermatic cord and vessels are ligated separately. |
| Clinical indications for an ovariohysterectomy include (3) | Behavior/clinical sign modification in the female. Prevention of unwanted neonates. Prevention of mammary cancer in dogs. |
| A type of fracture that occurs in young animals through the growth plate: | A Physeal (Salter) Fracture |
| For intestinal resection and anastomosis the following equipment is required: | Two soft packs, Balfour retractor, lap sponges |
| Instrumentation for a cystotomy includes: | One soft tissue pack and bladder spoon |
| What is done if contamination occurs intra-operatively (3)? | Copious lavage. Suction. Antibiotics. |
| True or false: Intramedullary (IM) pins can be combined with orthopedic wires, screws, or plates for fracture repair. | True |
| When taking radiographs to evaluate a fracture prior to repair (diagnostic), name three things to remember: | Radiograph the joints above and below the fracture. Always take at least two views of the fracture site. Radiographs will be taken pre-op and post-op. |
| General anesthesia is required for diagnostic radiographs of fracture prior to fixation because: | High detail images are needed and manipulation of the site will be painful. |
| Kirshner-Ehmer (KE) Apparatus is: | An external fixation device for fracture repair. |
| A taper-point needle should be used: | to close delicate tissue (such as intestine) *Not indicated for skin sutures. |
| Which suture material is most likely to cause an inflammatory reaction? | catgut |
| Which is smaller 3-0 or 3 for suture material? | 3-0 |
| What are the advantages to using multifilament (braided) suture material. | Low memory (ease of knot tying) |
| What is a swaged needle? | Has no eye. Suture built in. |
| Which suture pattern offers the most strength of the incision line? | Simple interrupted |
| When removing sutures, the veterinary technician should? #1 | Evaluate the incision line for tissue integrity prior to removal. |
| What it the knot "tail"? | The suture length that has a free edge from the base of the knot. Always ask the surgeon how long when assisting with suture placement/cutting. |
| What is the difference between an Adson Thumb Forcep and an Adson-Brown Thumb forecep? | Adson Thumb Forceps are atraumatic without teeth. Adson-Brown Thumb Forceps are traumatic with four teeth that are parallel on either side of the tip. |
| What three pieces of information need to be written on the label of a surgical pack? What additional information is needed for a gown pack? | Pack name. Date packed (or expiration date). Initials of packer. *Size of gown. |
| Prior to surgical scrub make sure to (3): | Remove jewelry, name tags, stuff from scrub pockets. Open sterile packs, gloves, gowns aseptically in OR. Initial hand washing and put on hair cover and mask. |
| In order to evenly distribute pressure on the limb when restraining an animal for surgery with surgical ties, what is the proper technique? | Two half hitch loops are secured to either side of the proximal joint. |
| Commonly used antiseptic scrub with good residual effect, works well in the presence of organic material, and has some bactericidal and fungicidal properties? | 4% Chlorhexidine Scrub |
| True or false: When drying hands after a surgical scrub, work away from your body and objects (such as tables) to avoid contaminating the towel. | True |
| List one situation where open gloving is indicated: | If no assistant is available, and one of the surgeon's gloves becomes contaminated during surgery. Surgery in which a gown is unnecessary. |
| When opening an envelope wrapped pack, what order should you follow? | Pull tab away from you first. Then the lateral tags. Then toward yourself. |
| True or false: surgical lavage fluid bottles can be used multiple times if the cap is replaced between uses. | False |
| True or False: Electrocautery and electrosurgery both pass an electric current through the body? | False. Just electrosurgery. |
| Giving a patient warmed IV fluids is an example of: | Active internal rewarming. |
| When discharging a patient with a limb bandage, it is important to discuss checking the exposed toes for many things: List two. | Swelling & Discoloration.....temperature |
| True or False: Needle holders are the only instrument that you should use to place a scalpel blade onto a blade handle. | True |
| True or False: When passing a ring-handled instrument, the tip should face upward with the ring handles facing downward? | True |
| When applying the initial four quarter draping, Backhaus towel clamps puncture: | The drapes and the patient's skin |
| The Primary Layer of casting is: | a stockinette |
| When bandaging a limb be mindful to: | Relieve any tension from Vetwrap or elasticon. |
| List two reasons water-proof limb bandages should only be worn short term while an animal is outside. | Could cause moisture to build up inside and bandage will get damp: paws sweat. The wound needs to breath. We do not want anaerobic conditions. |
| Four things to include in your description of a fracture: | Body location (bone/side), break location, type of fracture, alignment of fracture. (non-union, union, malunion) |
| Orchiectomy is a medical term used for: | neuter |
| When shaving a patient for a spay, the cranial margin is the ___ ___ and the caudal margin is the ___. | Xiphoid process. Pubis. |
| How many surgical packs are necessary for intestinal resection surgeries? | Two |
| List two types of natural suture material: | "catgut," linen |
| Name two types of Synthetic Suture material: | Polyester, Nylon |
| The ideal suture should have these five characteristics: | Hold knots well. Cause minimal inflammatory response. Does not allow/encourage microorganism growth or liths form. Maintain tensile strength for needed time period. Inexpensive. |
| True or False: Monocryl is a multifilament suture. | False |
| True or False: Mulitfilament suture requires fewer knots. | True |
| True or False: 2-0 suture is smaller than 4-0 suture. | False |
| True or False: Taper point needles are commonly used when suturing skin. | False |
| An ideal antiseptic should be (4): | Fast acting, Broad spectrum, Non-irritating to skin, have good residual effect. |
| True or False: Alcohol has a good residual effect against organisms. | False |
| The correct order for preparing for a surgical scrub: | Remove any jewelry. Don a cap/mask and open gown and towel packs aseptically. Wash hands and forearms with an antimicrobial scrub. |
| When using a sterile towel to dry hands and arms after a surgical scrub it is important to (2): | Start with your fingers. Work toward your arms. |
| True or False: When drying, work closely to the sterile table in order to avoid contamination of yourself or the towel. | false |
| True or False: when pouring sterile fluid into a sterile bowl for surgical lavage, it is okay to use a multi-use bottle as long as the cap has been replaced between uses? | False |
| When pouring sterile fluid into a sterile bowl for surgical lavage, care should be taken to avoid splash back contamination. This is best accomplished by: | Pouring the fluid into the sterile bowl that is resting on a sterile surface away from the sterile field. |
| When scrubbing for a perineal surgery, you should (3): | Scrub the region to the right of the anus. Scrub the region to the left of the region. Scrub the anus. |
| Which antiseptic scrub has the best residual effect? Povidone-Iodine or Chlorhexidine | Chlorhexidine |
| Give two reasons why Chlorhexidine is so effective: | It works well in the presence of organic material and demonstrates low tissue toxicity (except on mucous membranes). Has bactericidal action against 30 bacteria genera including E. coli and Pseudomonas species. Has viricidal and fungicidal properties. |
| A common rinsing agent is 70% isopropyl alcohol. List one pro and one con to its use: | Pro: inexpensive Con: Damaging and painful if applied to mucous membranes. |
| List two items that can be used to help stabilize a deep chested dog for an abdominal surgery. | Plastic V-trough, and Adjustable Surgery Table V-Surface. |
| For electrosurgery, it is important to remember (3): | Make sure body parts are not touching/overlapping on the surgical table (avoid skin-to-skin contact points). Remove all collars, tags, or other "jewelry" from the patient. Only use non-flammable disinfecting agents on the patient. |
| True or false: It is okay for the surgical assistant to be in contact with the patient while electrosurgery is being conducted. | False |
| True or False: Smoke evacuaters, which remove the plume generated by electrosurgery, consists of a vacuum pump, filter, and suction hose. | True |
| True or False: Surgical lasers commonly use in veterinary medicine include: Nd:YAG laser, CO2 Laser, Diode Laser. If so, which one is MOST common. | True. CO2 laser. |
| An example of active external warming includes (2): | Forced air warmer (Bair hugger) Circulating water mat |
| Using a flannel blanket on a patient is an example of using: | passive warming |
| Give a patient warmed IV fluids is an example of using: | active internal warming |
| Hypothermia can cause many abnormal reactions in the body: Name 3. | Metabolism, Blood viscosity changes (Hypotension), and Cardiovascular function (Tachycardia) |
| What do you call the designated staff member responsible for laser safety guidelines and implementation for to protect staff from: skin & ocular damage, toxic fumes, fire hazard. | LSO - Laser Safety Officer |
| True or false: Surgical lasers are considered Class V lasers. | False. Class IV. |
| What are two pieces of PPE items the surgical team should wear during laser surgery and why. | Protective eye wear: goggles, glasses, face shield (wave-length specific). To protect vision. Lasers directly & indirectly reach eyes & damage ocular tissue. Fine pore surgical masks. Plumes generated during the procedure can contain hazardous particles. |
| Ratcheted instruments should be closed but NOT locked. Except towel clamps (They should). Why? | Left unlocked to allow all surfaces to be sterilized (including the boxlock and ratchet). Towel clamps are locked because they are very sharp and can puncture the skin or gloves. |
| What should be on a surgical pack label prior to autoclaving (3)? | Pack ID, Date, Initials. |
| Why are surgical instruments generally wrapped with two layers? | To minimize microbial contamination of instruments inside. (longevity of pack viability). Allows for aseptic presentation to the surgeon. Tech/Assistant opens outer layer, surgeon takes care of the inner layer. |
| What is indication tape? | Tape placed on the outside of the pack that will produce diagonal black stripes when the autoclave process was properly complete. |
| Common use for the following scalpel blades. #10, #11, #12, #15 | #10 Skin incision. #11 Stab incisions (penrose drain placement?). #12 Hooked blade for cutting cord like anatomical structures (Onychectomy). #15 Similar to the #10 but smaller. Delicate tissue work. |
| A Robert Jones Bandage is advised for fractures proximal to the elbow or stifle joints to provide stabilization long term. | False. Distal to the elbow/stifle joints. |
| When applying a splint, padding should extend 1-2 inches proximal to the splint. | True |
| When applying casting material, the primary layer is: | Stockinette |
| When applying chest and abdominal bandages work in what direction? | Cranial to Caudal |
| Prior to clipping the hair around a wound, you should (2): | Put gloves on. Pack wound with sterile, water soluble lubricant. |
| What are two possible causes of dehiscence? | Tension on the sutures. Infection. Bonus: Allergic reaction to the suture material. |
| What are two lavage solutions commonly used for rinsing of contaminated wounds? | Isotonic crystalloid fluid (Lactated Ringer Solution). Weak solution (tea-like) (0.1%)(1/10) Povidone-Iodine and Sterile Saline. |
| Describe two factors that affect wound healing time: Wound Factor & Patient Factor. | Wound Factor: Location. Tension and repeated motion will impede healing. Patient Factor: Age. Bodies become less efficient as they age. |
| To place a scalpel blade onto a handle you can use: | Needle holders |
| Bleeding issues, in surgery, should be: | blotted |
| When passing a loaded blade handle the assistant should have the blade: | Toward their body. Cutting edge away from their hand. |
| True or false: When passing a loaded needle holder, the first ratchet should be closed. | True |
| True or false: When passing a ring handled instrument the tip should face the floor with the handles upward. | False. Tip up. If loaded, with needle (toward surgeons midline). Ring handles toward the floor. |
| What are two commonly used fluids used to keep tissue moist during surgery? | Lactated Ringer - LRS. 0.9% normal NaCl (Saline) |
| What are two types of surgeries in which suction is helpful? | Abdominal & Intestinal |
| Surgical instruments, sharps, and gauze should be counted: | Before the first cut. Before the surgeon closes. |
| If a gauze or instrument is not found at count what should the tech do? | Check w/staff. Radiograph (intraoperatively or postoperatively). Document. |
| True or False: Draping can only be completed by scrubbed in personnel. | True |
| Once a drape touches a patient, it can only be moved in one direction. Elaborate: | Away from the surgical site. |
| True or false: The fenestrated drape layer should be cut before being placed on the patient. | True |
| Another term for neuter? | Orchiectomy |
| What type of surgical pack is generally used for a feline neuter? | Laceration pack. |
| After a feline neuter, the scrotum: | ....is left open |
| True or False: The peritoneum tunic is entered during a feline spay? | False |
| Name two indications for a feline neutering: | To prevent reproduction. Behavioral modification in male cats. |
| Generally, for feline neuters, the patient is in lateral or dorsal recumbency with the rear legs tied: | Cranially |
| Abdominal procedures should be prepped with a large shaved region. The cranial margin begins @ ___ and the caudal @ ___. | Xiphoid process. Pubis. |
| True or False: Generally for canine neuters, the patient is placed in dorsal recumbency. | True |
| What should the draping for a canine spay include: | 4 quarter draping below... a fenestrated drape |
| What pack is generally used for an abdominal procedure. Name one additional item that may be needed. | Soft tissue pack "Spay Pack" Retractors. |
| During a cesarean section procedure, the neonates should be passed directly to the ___ for care after having their umbilical cords clamped and cut. | Circulating nurse |
| Briefly describe the purpose of intestinal resection and anastomosis. | To remove necrotic/diseased bowel and connect the remaining bowel. |
| Intestinal resection and anastomosis require how many surgical packs and gloves? Why? | Two soft packs & two pairs of gloves. First set was contaminated during procedure. 2nd set to complete and close. |
| What are two possible complications of tail docking? | Meningitis: infection of the spinal cord. Nerve damage. |
| Onychectomy is another term for: | declawing |
| List one situation in which an Onychectomy is indicated. | If it is required to remove neoplasia of the claw or phalanx. |
| How many radiographic views (minimum) should be taken when evaluating a fracture? | 2 |
| What is a compound fracture. What is a major risk posed by this type of fracture? | Open fracture: skin has been broken. High risk for infection. |
| How many layers of suturing should be placed to close an abdominal cavity surgery site? | 3 |
| In addition to a soft pack or "Spay Pack," name two additional things that would be needed for a cesarean section procedure. | Suction. Extra hemostats/Towels for neonates. |
| What are two possible complications that might occur with internal or external fixation? | None union. Infection. |
| When fixators are placed, radiographs should be taken ___ ___ until the fixator is removed in order to monitor progress and check for possible complications. | Postoperatively. then every four weeks. |
| When shaving for a CCL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) repair surgery, you should clip from ___ to ___. | Hip to Tarsus |
| After CCL (Cranial Cruciate Ligament) repair, describe postoperative care (3): | A bandage should be placed and left for 48 hours to reduce swelling. Dogs should be restricted to short leash for at least 6 weeks then gradually increased activity over 12 weeks. Extremely important: post op pain control. Local anesthetic and oral med. |
| What is one main purpose of suture material when used in a surgical patient. | Align wound edges until the tissue has healed adequately and can withstand natural stresses. |
| Name three origins of suture material: | Natural. Synthetic. Metal. |
| Name one example for each origin: Natural, Synthetic, Metallic. | Natural: Silk. Synthetic: Polyester Metal: Stainless Steel. |
| Name two possible situations when a non-absorbable suture would not be removed. | Repair/Reinforce Tendon. Repair Nerves/Ligate Vessels. |
| Name two benefits of monofilament suture: | Minimal tissue trauma. Resist harboring microorganisms. |
| Name two benefits of multifilament suture: | Provides good handling and ease of tying. Greater tensile strength. |
| True or False: PDS (Polyester: Polydioxanone) A synthetic monofilament, takes months to degrade in the body. | True |
| "Catgut" takes how long to degrade? | Days |
| Name two alternatives to sutures: | Tissue Glue. External Surgical Staples. |
| Reverse cutting needles are used on: | Rough, difficult to penetrate tissue: oral mucosa or tendon. |
| Taper point needles are used for: | Soft/delicate tissue: GI tissue |
| Define clean wound: | basically a surgical wound. |
| Puncture wound: | Never closed no matter the origin. |
| Infected wound: Dirty wound: | Purulent material or Foreign material |
| Phases of Healing (4): | Inflammation (6-8 hours). Debridement (6 hours - 3 days). Repair (3-5 days): Granulation phase, Contraction Phase, Epithelialization phase. Maturation Phase. |
| Penrose Drain (Gravity Dependent): Describe care. | Exit hole must be ventral. Suture to hold in place. Inexpensive. Needs care 2-3X/day: warm/moist compress for 5 minutes. Cleaning of site. Prevent animal from chewing. Removal after 3-5 days. |
| Pros & Cons to Subcuticular Sutures: | Do not have to remove. No follow-up appointment. They are not as strong as skin sutures. |
| Preoperative Care: Orthopedic. | 1st: Treat Shock (hypotension). 2nd Treat pain. 3rd Treat life threatening injuries. Fracture: temporarily immobilize to prevent further injury and reduce pain. |
| What is luxation: | out of joint (dislocated) |
| What does reducible mean (Orthopedic): | Get in alignment |
| Why give IV fluids during anesthesia? (3) | Maintain: blood pressure, blood pH, electrolytes, and glucose. |
| What is MAP? What is the goal? | Mean Arterial Pressure. > 60mm Hg 2/3 Diastolic & 1/3 Systolic |
| Standard fluid types for Anesthesia? Rate? | Isotonic fluid/Crystaloids. No additives (except: glucose). 1.5 -> 2x Maintenance. |
| Important points for setting up IV fluids: True or false: Aseptic technique for spiking the bag/bottle. Prime the administration set with fluid with no ___ for IV use. Set fluid rate and place tape. What should be on tape? | True. Air. Time/Fluid Delivery Goal, Initials of Tech, Date, Additives to bag labeled in total dose. |
| Preventing Hypothermia Passive Warming: Materials? Objectives? Indications? | Material: Flannel blanket, space blanket, bubble wrap, plastic wrap. Objective: prevent heat loss. Indications: Normothermic -> Mildly Hypothermic patient. |
| Preventing Hypothermia Active External Warming: Materials? Objectives? Indications? | Material: circulating warm water blanket/mat, forced warm air blanket, Inline IV warmer, Conductive fabric. Objective: Provides heat to body surfaces. Indications: Anesthesia patient experiencing moderate, severe, critical hypothermia. |
| Preventing Hypothermia Active Internal Warming: Materials? Objectives? Indications? | Material: sterile, warm, pleural, peritoneal lavage, Warm IV fluids. Objective: provides heat to body core. Indications: Patient undergoing open chest/abdomen surgery or experiencing severe or critical hypothermia. |
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Raevyn1
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