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Immunology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antiserum | Serum from an individual previously immunized against an antigen that contains antibodies specific for that antigen |
| Active Immunity | An animal's production of antibody as a result of infection with an antigen or immunization |
| Passive Immunity | The ability to fight infection with the antibody an animal receives from its parents |
| Inactivated Vaccine | Consists of a noninfectious agent, such as a whole killed pathogens or selected antigenic subunits in sufficient amount to induce immunity |
| Recombinant Vaccine | Extracts genes from one organism and combines them with genes from another |
| Toxoid | Inactivated antigenic toxin molecules that stimulate development of the animal's own antibodies |
| Vaccine | A biological product representing a pathogenic organism that stimulates immunity toward the pathogen |
| Natural Active Immunity | Occurs when antibodies are produced by lymphocytes in response to the animal having experienced and endured a certain disease process |
| Artificial Active Immunity | Occurs when an inactivated form of the disease is introduced into the animal's body. This encourages lymphocytes to produce specific antibodies without causing clinical signs and symptoms. |
| Artificial Passive Immunity | Occurs when an antiserum produced within a donor animal is given |
| Natural Passive Immunity | The innate ability to respond to some antigens as is seen in neonates (very young animals) |
| Basic Defenses | Simple barriers to invasion, for example, skin |
| Mucociliary Apparatus | The mucous membrane and microscopic hairs that line the respiratory tract |
| Cellular Defenses | Cells in the immune system that work together to protect the body. Four important types are phagocytes, helper cells, cytotoxic cells, and suppressor cells. |
| Phagocytes | Large cells that ingest microorganisms or other cells and foreign particles |
| Cytokines | Messenger proteins that help to activate and mobilize other immune system cells |
| Cytotoxic Cells | Produce toxins (poisons) designed to destroy infected cells |
| Antibodies | Specialized serum proteins that combine with a particular antigen to combat specific parts of an invading organism |
| Immunization | The process of inducing active immunity against a particular foreign organism |
| Cross-immunity | the process by which the immune response against one organism also protects against a different organism. |
| Modified Live Viral (MLV) or Attenuated, Vaccine | Designed to mimic an actual infection. These vaccines contain a small amount of infectious organism. Their job is to produce more of that organism and stimulate an immune response. |
| Inactivated (Killed) Vaccines | Made from organisms that have been treated with heat or chemicals to inactivate them and make them noninfectious |
| Adjuvant | Produces inflammation or irritation in the body to get the immune system more excited about the vaccine |
| Subunit Vaccines | Contain only a few selected parts of an organism |
| Recombinant DNA Technology | A method that extracts genes from one organism and combines them with genes from another |
| Abscess | A pocket of pus under the skin |
| Anaphylaxis | A massive allergic reaction that involves an animal's whole body |
| Lyophilized | The freeze-dried component of a vaccine |
| Subcutaneous | Under the skin |
| Intranasal | Into the nose |
| Feline Viral Respiratory Disease Complex | A mild to severe upper respiratory infection characterized by a high morbidity (infection rate), low mortality, fever, eye and nose discharge, sneezing, coughing, and tongue ulcers |
| Chlamydia | A virus which most often strikes kittens less than two months old. Usual symptoms include red, watery eyes and mild sneezing and coughing |
| Canine Adenovirus (CAV) | Type 2 causes respiratory disease; type 1 causes infectious canine hepatitis, a severe and sometimes fatal liver disease. |
| Lyme Disease | An acute, often recurrent, joint inflammation of dogs and humans |
| Tetanus | A highly fatal, paralytic disease caused by a nerve toxin produced by clostridium tetani bacteria |
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