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Radiology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA | Stands for As Low As Reasonably Attainable. The MPD for nonoccupational persons is 10% of the MPD for occupationally exposed persons, or 0.5 rem/year. |
| Anechioc | This is used to describe tissue that transmits all the sound of an ultrasound through to deeper tissues, reflecting none of the sound back to the transducer. |
| Annular Array | With a phased array configuration, the crystals are pulsed sequentially with a built-in delay to create a so-called pseudosector scan plane. This arranges the crystals in concentric rings. |
| Anode | This is a part of the anatomy of an x-ray tube. It contains a rotation tungsten target wherein x-rays are generated at the focal spot. |
| Bucky | This is another name to describe the third way of using a Potter-Bucky diaphragm. |
| Cathode | This is a part of the anatomy of an x-ray tube. It contains a tungsten filament at which the electrons are generated when heated. |
| Collimators | This consists of adjustable lead shutters installed in the tube head of the x-ray machine. |
| Contrast | This is defined as the differences in radiographic density between adjacent areas on a radiographic image. |
| Direct Exposure Film | This is more sensitive to direct x-rays than it is to light. |
| Distance Enhancement | This is one of two such artifacts that can occur during any ultrasound study. |
| Echoic | Another word for this is echogenic. This means that most of the sound from an ultrasound is reflected back to the transducer. |
| Film Latitude | This is another important feature in x-ray film. This is the film's inherent ability to produce shades of gray. |
| Film-Focal Distance | This is similar to (SID) and is used interchangeably to describe another factor that affects the amount of penumbra. (FFD) |
| Fluoroscopy | This is used for those patients for whom the visualization of dynamic structures is of importance. |
| Focused Grid | This has the lead strips placed at progressively increasing angles to match the divergence of the x-ray beam. |
| Heel Effect | This is a result of unequal distribution of the x-ray beam intensity emitted from the x-ray tube along the cathode-anode axis. |
| Hyperechoic | This is used to describe tissues that reflect more sound from an ultrasound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues. |
| Hypoechoic | This is used to describe tissues that reflect less sound from an ultrasound back to the transducer than surrounding tissues. |
| Intensifying Screens | This contains fluorescent crystals bound to a cardboard or plastic base. When exposed to x-rays, they emit foci of light. |
| Isoechoic | This is used to describe tissue that appears to have the same echo texture on the screen as surrounding tissues. |
| Killovoltage Peak | By law, any x-ray tube that generates 70 (kVp) must have a collimator because there has to be a total filtration of 2.5- mm Al equivalent. |
| Latent Image | When the silver chalice crystals are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, they become more sensitive to chemical changes. These sensitized crystals are what make up this. |
| Maximum Permissible Dose | Other types of radiation must have a quality factor figured in to determine the dose. (MPD). The recommended dose for occupationally exposed persons is to not exceed 5 rem/year. |
| Milliamperage | Radiographic density can be intensified by increasing the mAs (a product of this and time), which is a result of increasing this (mA) or the exposure time in seconds (x). |
| Mirror Image | This is an artifact that creates the illusion of the liver on the thoracic side of the diaphragm or the appearance of a second heart beyond the lung interface. |
| Object-Film Distance | This is the distance from the object being imaged to the recording surface. |
| Penumbre Effect | This is one of the most common factors that can affect the detail on a radiograph. |
| Radiographic Density | This is the degree of blackness on a radiograph. |
| Radiolucent | This is how air or lung tissue will appear on radiographs because it allows more of the radiation to pass through. |
| Radiopaque | This is how the tissue will appear with increased density as it absorbs more of the radiation. |
| Rem | Stands for Roentgen Equivalent in Man. Rem units are used to express the dose equivalent that results from exposure to ionizing radiation. |
| Sievert | (SV) is the current terminology used to define rem (1 SV = 100 rem). |
| Slice Thickness | This is one of many artifacts that have no diagnostic use that can lead to confusion if not identified as an artifact. |
| Sonolucent | This means that most of the sound from an ultrasound is transmitted to the deeper tissue, with only a few echoes reflected back to the transducer. |
| Source-Image Distance | This is the distance between the source of the x-ray and the film. It is the preferred term and it is another factor that affects the amount of penumbra. (SID) |
| Ultrasonography | This is also known as a diagnostic ultrasound. It is a noninvasive method of imaging soft tissue. |
Created by:
Isabel.Burg
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