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SCSC 105
Exam II
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Margaret Wille (Hawaii county; council member) | M.Ed Education, JD Law; against GMOs |
Jeffrey Smith (Institute for Responsible Technology; author/ filmmaker) | Maharishi Univ of Management; against GMOs |
Zen Honeycutt (Moms Across America; founder) | BA Fashion Design; against GMOs |
Vani Hari (Food Babe; author/ advocate) | BS computer science; against GMOs |
Charles Benbrook (prev U of Wash; former professor) | PhD ag econ; against GMOs |
Andrew Kimbrell (Center for Food Safety; executive director) | JD law; against GMOs |
Dennis Gonsalves (Cornell University; professor emeritus0 | PhD plant path; for GMOs |
Alison Van Eenennaam (UCDavis; Professor/ science communicator) | PhD genetics; for GMOs |
Pamela Ronald (UCDavis; professor) | PhD plant biology; for GMOs |
Robert Fraley (monsanto; cheif technical officer) | PhD microbiology and biochemistry; for GMOs |
Hawaiian papaya was treated for | ringspot virus |
Ugandan bananas were treated for | banana wilt (bacteria) |
ecosystem | collective function of organisms and their environment |
what are the components of an ecosystem | food chains, nutrient cycles, plant succession, competitive exclusion, diversity |
agroecosystems | ecosystems modified to produce food, fiber and shelter |
how are agroecosystems and ecosystems differ | agroecosystems are the foundation of human societies while ecosystems are the foundation of nature |
ecological pyramids | depict the transfer of energy and biomass from producers to consumers |
how do ecological pyramids help us understand biological magnification | depict how minuscule amounts of contaminate at the lower levels of a food chain leads to large buildup of contaminant at the top |
plant succession | natural changes in plant community over long periods of time |
example of plant succession | Bastrop, Texas |
how are natural ecosystems and agroecosystems different | nutrient cycles are altered, breeding, management, diversity and inputs requirements are different |
how are agroecosystems and natural ecosystems similar | none to some loss of soil and nutrients |
what are the risks associated with simplified agroecosystems | plant pathogens, topsoil loss |
ecology | science dealing with mutual relationships among biological organisms |
corn-soybean rotation | corn one growing season, soybean the next and repeat |
what is soil | medium for the production and growth of plants and crops |
what are the three important functions served by soils | anchorage for plants, storage of water or nutrients for plant uptake, habitat for soil organisms |
identify the five soil forming factors | parent material, climate, biological factors (organisms), topography, time |
soil profile | the vertical section through the soil extending from the surface to the unweathered rock of the crust layer |
how many soil orders are in texas | 7 |
what is organic matter | portion of the soil that includes animal and plant residues in various stages of decay |
what are the five different functions of organic matter in soil | sequestration of nutrients, source of nutrients, soil aggregation and structure, water storage, chemical sequestration |
what is C:N ratio | carbon:nitrogen |
what does the C:N ratio affect | influences the rate of decomposition of plant materials in the soil |
gravitational water | drains readily through the soil |
field capacity | water is held in the pore spaces but is readily available to plants |
permanent wilting point | water is held tightly by soil particle and is not available to plants |
soil fertility | ability of a soil to supply important chemical nutrients or essential elements to plants |
soils are ecosystems for | plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and invertebrates |
soil is the | biochemically weathered, uppermost portion of the earth's crust |
mollisols | dark colored surface horizon that is enriched with organic matter; formed under grasslands; found in high plains |
vertisols | very clayey that have deep, wide cracks during dry periods; found in blackland prairie |
aridosols | dry soils of the deserts; used for rangeland and irrigation; found in trans-pecos |
ultisols | highly weathered soils that have a subsurface horizon enriched with clay, under forestation; found in east texas |
alfisols | general fertile soils found under forest vegetation |
entisols | little evidence of soil formation; found in cool and dry places |
inceptisols | young soils with weakly developed subsurface horizons; found between Brazos and Colorado rivers |
three types of rock | sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic |
sedimentary | formed when wind and water deposit minerals |
lgneous | formed under extreme volcanic heat, followed by periods of cooling and hardening |
metamorphic | formed by heat and pressure on other types of rocks |