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Clinical Application

QuestionAnswer
Term that describes a heart that is not pumping adequate amounts of blood? Congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure Results in blood "backing up" in the body, which produces congestion, or abnormal fluid accumulation, upstream from the failing heart.
First sign that the heart is starting to fail? Drop in cardiac output- how much blood the heart is pumping back into the body.
Outcomes of congestive heart failure (CHF): Fight-or-flight response causes the heart to increase blood flow & blood pressure by making the heart beat harder & faster. Eventually this weakens the heart & causes further decrease in cardiac output. Cycle continues until heart gives out completely.
Iron An essential element. It is used to bind oxygen & carry it to tissues where it is needed in the mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). W/out it , O2 levels that can be carried by blood is reduced, leading to fatigue & exercise intolerance
Chronic __________ reduces the level of iron in the body. blood loss
Iron deficiency anemia Ongoing blood loss. W/out adequate levels of iron, the body is not able to make hemoglobin & adequate #s of red blood cells.
Clinical signs of iron deficiency anemia: Pale mucous membranes, fatigue, bounding pulses, & galloping heart rhythm. Can result from a puppy/kitten having a flea infestation.
How is iron deficiency anemia treated? By stabilizing the patient with blood transfusions, giving oral & injectable iron supplements, & eliminating the cause of the blood loss.
Created by: 28RVT
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