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Nutrition I
Quiz Question Review - Complete (some additional research needed)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most essential nutrient is: | Water |
| Protein functions as: | Building blocks for cells. An energy source. An essential nutrient for cats. |
| The fat soluble vitamins are: | Vitamins A, D, E and K |
| Fat provides 8.5 kcal/gram of energy. Fat also is a: | Component in hormone synthesis |
| If Resting Energy Requirement (RER) in kcal = (30 x BW in kg) + 70, then a dog that weighs 10 kg has an RER of: | 370 kcal |
| If a cat needs to eat needs to eat 264 kcal per day and his dry food is 492 kcal per cup, how much should he be fed each day? | 1/2 cup per day |
| Vitamins are: | Inorganic substances |
| List four points of evaluation when evaluating Body Condition Score in the Dog. (be specific) | Ribs-palpable, visibly ticking out. Waist-when viewed from above, the dog have a waist (hourglass figure). Tummy tuck-viewed from the side, does the dog have a tummy tuck (rise after rib cage moving caudally). Fat pads-abdominal area/near tail/scruff |
| List two points describing why the study of nutrition is important to veterinary technicians. | To understand chemical sounding names in ingredient labels (vitamins/minerals) to address client concerns. A firm grasp of dietary needs of our patient will help us to support owners in the care of their pets. (weight management issues/health problems) |
| List at least four goals when attempting to meet the specific nutritional needs of a specific pet. | Ensuring adequate protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals to avoid causing disease. Water needs are met. Avoid excessive nutrition. (can cause illness) Matching the caloric need of animal (life stage, environment, illness, activity level) |
| Ingredients are listed on the pet food label are listed in order by weight: lightest to heaviest. | False |
| Nutritional adequacy statements are required in the United States on treats or snacks intended for intermittent feeding. | False |
| AAFCO is an acronym for Association of American Feed Control Officials. | True |
| AAFCO is a federal government agency that regulates animal feed and labeling. | False |
| The term "Light" has a specific kcal/kg of food definition, but "less active formula" does not have an official definition. | True |
| Guaranteed Analysis lists protein, fiber and fat content in bioavailability terms. | False |
| AAFCO guidelines require which of the following on pet food labels. | Feeding instructions in lay person terms |
| Add - food label percentages | |
| How long after a food formulation has changed can "new" be printed on the bag? | up to 6 months |
| The section of a pet food label that the consumer sees when walking down the aisle is called the ______________________. | Principal Display Panel |
| Explain why it is unlikely that the veterinary team would recommend a food that is labeled for both "dogs and cats." | Cats and dogs have nutritional needs unique to their species. For instance: cats require higher protein and Taurine. Inversely, dogs should not be fed cat food because levels of protein, Taurine, and possibly vitamin A are too high. |
| Explain why "animal feeding tests" provide more information than a "formulated" (laboratory analysis) test for nutritional adequacy. | Nutritional deficiencies may not be apparent initially. It can take six months to a year. Feeding tests will take the time observe how animal bodies are responding to a new food: skin, coat, behavior, and mentation. Bio-availability. |
| If a client asks you," Is Brand X a good food for my pet?" How will you answer? | Gather specific information from owner (health concerns? more info regarding Brand X? feeding goals?) To be the liaison to the DVM and assist the client with their question. |
| What is a cathartic? | An agent that causes rapid bowel movements. |
| If an animal has ingested a possible toxin, then the veterinary team should: | Call the phone number on the label for further information |
| Intravenous fluids are often given to an animal after toxin exposure in order to: | Treat possible dehydration. Speed toxin removal by the body. Treat possible shock. |
| Examples of toxins that have specific antidotes include: | Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) & vitamin K antagonists (rodenticide) |
| In an animal ingests a caustic alkali poison such as laundry detergent, immediate care should include | Feeding the animal milk |
| Examples of poisonous plants with deadly potential include: | Easter Lily & Rhododendrons |
| Ibuprofen and calcipotriene (vitamin D) can cause kidney failure. | True |
| Rodenticide poisoning requires therapy for no more than 2 weeks. | False |
| Cats with organophospate (flea powder) poisoning may have constricted pupils, drooling, vomiting and/ or diarrhea. | True |
| Dogs that have ingested antifreeze (ethylene glycol) will have ataxia (abnormal gait). If this resolves within a few hours, the dog is out of danger. | False |
| It is safe to give dogs and cats over-the-counter (OTC) human medication, if the owner gives no more than the dose for a child of the same weight. | False |
| There is no need for a veterinary team to contact poison control in the event of an animal poisoning. | False |
| If vomiting is induced within 4 hours of poison ingestion, further therapy will probably not be needed. | False |
| If any owner is going to induce vomiting at home, hydrogen peroxide is the best agent to use. | True |
| There are four management steps related to potential animal toxin exposure. Name three: | Decontaminate. Assess. Treatment. |
| The essential fatty acids include linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (cat). | True |
| Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between their carbon atoms. | True |
| Negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein breakdown in the body exceeds the amount of protein being incorporated into tissues. | True |
| An important product of aerobic respiration of the cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). | True |
| During anabolism, cells use ATP to manufacture substances and perform vital functions. | True |
| Taurine is an essential amino acid for all species. | False |
| Vitamins are energy producing nutrients. | False |
| Which of the following are clinical signs of 10% dehydration? | Animal is lethargic/depressed. Gums are dry to the touch. Skin tenting. |
| Which statement is true regarding carbohydrates? | Glucose that is not immediately used can be converted to glycogen and stored. |
| Which vitamins are fat soluble? | A, D, E, K |
| From which substance can all steroids be made? | Cholesterol |
| Which of the following is a function of protein? | Carries oxygen (hemoglobin). Provides contractility in muscle cells. Enzymatic activity. |
| A cow in her second trimester of gestation develops mastitis and stops eating. She appears lethargic and walks in an uncoordinated way. What condition does she probably have? | Eclampsia (ketosis) |
| The water soluble vitamins are removed from the body by the: | Kidneys |
| In Stage III Starvation, which of the following occurs | Protein catabolism causes a loss of muscle mass. |
| Which of the following does not act as a catalyst for molecular reactions? | Fat (lipids) |
| A cat is determined 10% dehydrated and admission weight is 10 lbs. If the veterinary team fully corrects the dehydration, the cat will then weigh how much? | 11 lbs |
| Which nutraceutical protects cartilage from the enzymatic damage of inflammation? | Chondroitin |
| Regarding the regulation of Nutraceuticals: | There are no label requirements for active ingredients. |
| Probiotics are: | Living organisms that are intended to create a beneficial balance of GI bacteria. |
| Why do animals need to breathe? | Animals need to breathe (inspiration) in order to bring in oxygen for cellular activity such as energy (ATP production). Expiration is important to rid the body of carbon dioxide: a byproduct of cellular respiration. |
| Puppies can double their body weight in the first 10 days of life. | True |
| It is important that no solid food be offered to puppies until they are at least 7 weeks old. | False |
| Senior Dogs should always be fed less protein than young adult dogs to protect kidney function. | False |
| The fatty acid Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is essential in puppies to promote healthy bone and cartilage development. | False |
| Large breed puppies should be fed more calcium than small breed puppies. | False |
| Body Fat Index (BFI) is the % of body weight that is fat. | True |
| Juvenile is defined as the time period from weaning to closure of the bone growth plates. | True |
| An improper calcium: phosphorous ratio resulting in an overall high calcium diet may cause bone or cartilage growth abnormalities in puppies. | True |
| Senior cats may need more protein in the diet than adult cats due to decreased intestinal absorption, renal loss of protein or hyperthyroidism. | True |
| Breeding of an overweight dog (7/9 BCS) may lead to decreased fertility or possible dystocia (difficult delivery). | True |
| Why is it important to avoid "urinary health" diets when feeding kittens? | High acid diets will cause potassium (K+) wasting in the urine |
| Which of the following are Essential Nutrients for cats? | Taurine, Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid |
| When evaluating vital signs of an animal, a Nutritional Assessment should be completed. This includes: | Diet history, weight and body condition score |
| The most common form of malnutrition in dog and cats in the USA is: | Over feeding of calories |
| In regards to feeding a pregnant dog: | Calcium requirements increase 60% during late gestation. Feed normal calories until week 5 of gestation and then increase gradually through late gestation. Protein requirements increase 40-70% during late gestation. |
| List three factors that may increase the need for calories above those calculated for species/life stage. | Environmental extremes: hot or cold. Pregnancy or lactation. Illness or injury. |
| Name four potential consequences of obesity in a dog or cat. | Joint Issues. Urinary problems. Increased risk of diabetes. Cardiovascular disease. |
| Vitamin A deficiency in turtles may cause: | Stomatitis (oral inflammation), pneumonia, and otitis media |
| Goiter (Nutritional Hypothyroidism) in any species may be caused by a diet deficient in: | Iodine |
| Metabolic Bone Disease is a common problem in lizards due to an imbalance in: | Calcium, Phosphorous & Vitamin D |
| Which of the following species is at risk for Hypovitaminosis C (scurvy)? | Guinea pig |
| Which of the following is not a Psittacine? | Canary |
| Birds that are part of the Psittacine family: | All true Parrots, Parakeets, and Macaws. Members of the Psittacine family are also known as hookbills. Cockatiels, Parakeets, Budgerigars (Budgies), and all the birds known as Parrots. |
| The crop is a dilation of the: | esophagus |
| The enzymatic stomach of the bird is the: | proventriculus |
| Vitamin A deficiency in the bird may lead to: | Inflammation of the foot (bumblefoot). Risk for respiratory infections. Feather picking. |
| Hypocalcemia in birds causes: | Osteopenia, egg binding, and muscle weakness. |
| What is Osteopenia? | Is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily. |
| Reptile dietary needs may include: | Insectivorous, Herbivorous, Omnivorous, and Carnivorous |
| True or False: If feeding a commercially manufactured pellet for the species, there is no need to feed fresh foods to guinea pigs or rabbits. | False |
| True or False: If a cuttlebone is present in the cage, the veterinary team does not need to worry about hypocalcemia in the bird. | False |
| True or False: Seeds coated in vitamin supplements are a good way to provide complete and balanced diets to birds. | False |
| True or False: Snakes are at risk for serious injury if fed live prey. | True |
| True or False: Some species of reptile have significantly different diet needs during different life stages. | True |
| True or False: "Pinkie" mice are the ideal prey for all rodent-consuming snakes. | False |
| True or False: The gastrointestinal transit time for iguanas is three days. | False |
| True or False: Birds, unlike mammals, excrete protein waste as uric acid. | True |
| What are stress bars in birds and what causes them? | They are small lines that run horizontally across the shafts of a bird's feathers. While it can be difficult to assess stress bars in feathers that are still on a bird, examining molted feathers: stress, diet, humidity |
| True or False: Malnutrition is an uncommon problem in pet birds. | False |
| True or False: Large amounts of peanuts in the diet of birds can cause Goiter. | True |
| True or False: Obese birds are at risk for liver failure if they stop eating for any reason. | True |
| True or False: An owl is a type of raptor. | True |
| True or False: Birds will instinctively eat a new food if it is a component of a balanced diet for that species. | False |
| True to False: Rabbits and Hamsters need hard objects to chew on to maintain their teeth. | True |
| What three things are necessary to prevent Metabolic Bone Disease in lizards and turtles? | Proper lighting UV/UVB, proper calcium/phosphorus ratio, and Vitamin D supplementation, but be cautious: can be toxic if overdone. Beware of foods high in oxalates cause calcium deficiency as the oxalates bond with calcium and then are excreted. |
| List 10 possible dietary protein sources for juvenile iguanas. | Tofu, Hard-boiled eggs, Earthworms, |
| Why are all seed diets not a good choice for pet birds? (specifically discuss the nutritional content of seeds) | There is a lack of: amino acid balance, minerals like Iodine, and vitamins like Vitamin A. This leads to nutritional diseases. |
| Why should "all cricket" diets be avoided in insectivorous reptiles? (be specific) | An all cricket diet is nutritionally lacking. Lacks variety. Crickets in poor health. Aren't feed adequately to provide the nutrition insectivorous reptiles need. A variety of insects is better: mealworms, hornworms, dubia roaches, butter & phoenix worms. |
| True or False: The poinsetta commonly causes liver failure in dogs. | False |
| True or False: The Rhododendron may cause cardiovascular collapse and death if ingested by dogs and cats. | True |
| True or False: Marijuana may cause either coma or seizures if ingested by a dog. | True |
| True or False: The seeds, leaves, and stems of the apple tree contain cyanide and are toxic. | True |
| True or False: Garlic may cause hemolysis if ingested by cats, dogs, and horses. | True |
| True or False: Easter Lily will cause kidney failure if ingested by cats. | True. Dogs and horses are not affected. |
| Which livestock feed is a significant source of calcium? | Alfalfa hay |
| Which species is able to extract the most nutrients via the fermentation process? | cow |
| Which of the following is not a forage | soybean meal |
| The most common form of malnutrition in horses is | insufficient water |
| What is colostrum? | "first milk" that is high in maternal antibodies |
| When should calves receive colostrum? | In the first 24 hours of life. Ideally right after birth. |
| Amino acid deficiency in pigs causes | poor growth and decreased milk production |
| Porcine are | omnivores |
| What is the body condition score for this horse? | 2/9 |
| When should the calories fed be increased for a mare? | late gestation |
| An adult horse should be fed 2% of its body weight in grass hay each day. If the horse weighs 1000 lbs, how much grass hay should it eat daily? | 20 lbs |
| If hay is stored longer than 6 months, which nutrient group is substantially lost? | vitamins |
| Which image below depicts a legume hay? | The one with stem and leaves. Not grass-like seed/flower. |
| Which grain is highest in protein? | soybean |
| Grinding a grain increases its digestibility. | True |
| High corn diets are beneficial to maintaining ideal rumen pH. | False |
| The amount of potassium in the diet of cattle may effect the bioavailability of calcium in the diet. | True |
| Growing foals (6-12 months old) should be fed a commercial foal supplement in addition to good forage. | True |
| Name three features of a high quality forage. | Tastes good (palatable), does not contain mold, and is appropriate to the nutritional needs of the animal |
| Name three factors that affect the nutritional quality of a forage. | Climate of the region or season, Type of plant, growing conditions |
| Name two reasons why it is important for a ruminant to chew cud (regurgitated forage). | To add bicarbonate from saliva to aid in maintaining pH of rumen. To masticate the forage to a digestible/useful size |
| What is a body evaluation point for Body Condition Score (BCS) of the horse? | Rump, tail-head, caudal to scapula, upper arm, withers |
Created by:
Raevyn1
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