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med terms 2

terms from chapter 2

TermDefinition
cells basic structure of all things, functions differ based on anatomical location
Cell membrane Semipermeable structure that surrounds and protects the cell.
Centrioles Tubular structures that maintain the cell’s shape and move chromosomes during mitosis.
Chromosomes Rod-like structures containing regions of DNA called genes.
Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus
DNA The basic structure of genes that directs cell activity and transmits genetic information; Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Endoplasmic reticulum Protein factory where proteins are made from simple materials.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins
Golgi apparatus Processing factory where proteins are stored, modified, and transported.
Lysosome Site of intracellular digestion containing enzymes to disintegrate microorganisms and damaged tissue.
Mitochondria Energy factory of the cell in which foods are burned for energy.
Nucleoplasm Material within the nucleus.
Nucleus The control center of the cell that contains chromosomes.
Nucleolus Site of RNA synthesis.
Protoplasm Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Ribosomes Structures found in rough endoplasmic reticulum containing RNA, and the site of protein synthesis.
Vacuole Fluid-filled cavity containing food, water, or waste products.
Anabolism building up complex proteins from simpler substances
Catabolism Process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances.
Metabolism The total of the chemical processes in a cell: anabolism + catabolism
Adipose tissue Collection of fat cells.
Connective tissue Binds and supports various structures. Examples include fat, bone, blood, cartilage.
Epithelial tissue epithelium, endothelium, and mesothelium
Epithelium lines external and internal body surfaces
Endothelium lines organs and blood vessels
Mesothelium lines cavities such as the peritoneum
Skeletal muscle striated, voluntary muscle controlling movement.
Cardiac muscle striated, involuntary muscle controlling the heart.
Visceral muscle smooth, involuntary muscle controlling the internal organs
Nerve tissue Cells that conduct electrical impulses all over the body.
Organs different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Systems a group of different organs that work together to complete a complex function
Cardiovascular system Consists of organs such as the heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, and spleen.
Digestive system Consists of organs such as the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Endocrine system Consists organs such as the pancreas, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.
Integumentary system Consist of organs such as the skin, hair (fur), nails, and glands.
Musculoskeletal system Consists of organs such as the bones, muscle, and joints.
Nervous system Consists of organs such as the brain and spinal cord.
Reproductive system Consists of organs such as the ovaries, vagina, uterus, testes, and penis.
Respiratory system Consists of organs such as the windpipe, lungs, and heart.
Urogenital system Consists of organs such as the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Abdominal cavity Cavity containing organs such as the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas.
Cranial cavity contains brain
Spinal cavity contains spinal cord
Thoracic cavity Cavity containing organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.
Anatomy The form and structure of the body.
Benign Not malignant, non-invasive; not spreading.
Cartilage Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at a joint.
Diaphram Thin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Endocrine glands Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine glands Glands that secrete chemicals through tubes everywhere in the body
Larynx Voice box
Lavage Irrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity.
Malignant Tending to become progressively worse.
Membrane Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or an organ.
Peritoneum Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.
Pharynx Throat
Phisiology Study of the body’s function.
Trachea Windpipe
Umbilicus Navel
Ureter Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Urethra Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Viscera Internal organs
Evisceration Displacement of internal organs outside the cavity that should contain them.
Hernia Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that should contain it
Prolapse Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a natural opening
Intervertebral disk Cartilage pad between vertebrae used for cushion and support.
Spinal cord Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
Spinal column Bones surrounding the spinal cavity.
Vertebra back bone
Vertebrae back bones
Cheek Fleshy portion on either side of the face, forming the sides of the mouth and continuing rostrally to the lips.
Chest Part of the body between the neck and abdomen; also called the thorax.
Chin Anterior prominence of the mandible.
Elbow Joint where the humerus, radius, and ulna meet; medically known as the humeroradioulnar joint.
Flank Lateral aspect of the body between the ilium and ribs.
Forehead Region between the eyes and ears.
Hock Common name for the tarsus joint.
Muzzle Skin, muscles, and fascia of the upper and lower lip and including the nasal bones.
Pinna Flap of the ear; also known as the auricle.
Rump Region around the pelvis, hindquarters, and buttocks; also known as the croup or gluteal region.
Shoulder Joint where the scapula and humerus meet; medically known as the scapulohumeral joint.
Stifle Joint where the femur and tibia meet; medically known as the femorotibial joint.
Tail Caudal appendage of the vertebral column made up of caudal vertebrae.
Created by: tiffels
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