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Staphylococcus sp
infectious disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General description | gram+ cocci, non motile, faculative anaerobes, catalase pos, mod size white/golden colonies. |
| location | commensals on mucous mem and skin. Opportunistic |
| lab diagnosis | 1.gram stain 2.blood and McConkey agar 3.PCR-Mec gene for methicilin resistant strain |
| ID criteria | 1.colonial: mid size white/golden 2.presence of hemolysis 3.absence of growth on McConkey 4.Catlase+,oxidase- |
| Coagulase pathogenic effect | conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which shields staphylococci from phagocytic cells |
| Catalase pathogenic effect | Protects S.aureus from killing action of phagocytes |
| Lipase, esterases, staphylokinase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase pathogenic effect | enzymes causing tissue destruction |
| Protein A pathogenic effect | Surface component with binds Fc position of IgG and inhibits opsonization |
| Leukocidin pathogenic effect | Causes lysis of phagocytic cells |
| Alpha-toxin pathogenic effect | the major toxin in gangrenous masitits. Necrotizing and lethal |
| Beta-toxin pathogenic effect | A spinogmyelinase damaging cells mem |
| Exfoliative toxins pathogenic effect | Proteases contributing to skin lesion |
| Enterotoxins pathogenic effect | Heat stable toxins associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in humans |
| Toxic shock syndrome toxins pathogenic effect | Induce excessive cytokine production, resulting tissue damage |
| Transmissible mobile elements pathogenic effect | Various virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes |
| Dog and Cats | S.intermedius or S.pseudointermedius. Opportunistic pathogens. suppurative conditions:dermatitis, pyoderma, otitis externa, edometritis, cystitis, osteomyelitis and wound infection |
| dog and cats clinical signs | younger and older dogs more susceptible b/c weak immune. fever, pain, loss appetite, itching may be seen. pus filled lesions (pyoderma). |
| dog and cat clinical signs when cystitis | urination. UA shows increased protein and hemoglobin |
| Dog and cat treatment | stop itching and scratching for skin disease. Topical therapy. susceptible to many groups of antimicrobials including beta-lactams. some multi resistant. |
| mastitis | S. aureus. transmission occurs mechanically. necrosis due to alpha-toxin |
| desirable characteristics of antimicrobials to treat mastitis | 1. Low MIC for pathogen 2. High distribution and availability in mammary tissue 3. low serum protein-binding activity 4. long half-life |
| Greasy-pig disease | exudative epidermitis. S.hyicus in sucklers and weaned pigs. highly contagious characterized by widespread sebaceous secretion and exudation on skin surface. |
| Greasy-pig disease clinical signs | anorexia, depressed, febrile and non-prutic dermatitis with a greasy exudate. High mortality rates in young pigs with exudative, non-prutic skin lesions. |
| Greasy-pig disease transmission | via minor abrasions on skin. predisposing factors (weaning) |
| Greasy-pig disease major virulence factor | exfoliative toxin. |
| Exudative epidermitis treatment | early systemic antibiotic combined w/ topic antiseptics and/or AB. iso of infected pigs. cleaning and disinfecting of contaminated buildings. |
| Poultry | omphalitis or infection of yolk sac in young chicks. skin injuries from localized abscesses. infection in bones, joints, tendon sheath and sternal bursa. decreased wt gain/egg prod, mortality |
| Poultry diagnosis | AST must be performed due to drug resistance. management to reduce injury. elimination of wood splinters, protruding wires of cages and fighting. |
| Botryomycossi in horses | S.aureus. Chronic, suppurative. occurs a few weeks after castration b/c of infection of spermatic cord. mammary tissue in sows (fibrous tissue/pus) |
| Tick pyemia in sheep | S.aureus. Septicemia and rapid death, localized abscesses in many organs. arthritis.Prophylactic treatment in lambs starting at 1 wk |
| MRS | coagulase +, zoonotic. iso from wound infections, surgical site infections, pyoderma, otitis, UTI |
| How does MRS develop | insertion of horizontally transfered DNA (SCCmec), site specific recombination. MecA gene encodes novel B-lactam-insensitive penicillin binding protein, PBP2a, continues to syn new cell peptidoglycan even when normal penicillin binding proteins inhibited |
| MRS treatment | Vancomycin and Oxazolidinones. |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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