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vet med pharmo
drugs for vet. med for different systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical name | describes the drugs chemical compostition |
| nonproprietary name | AKA: generic nameconcise name given to the specific chemical compound |
| proprietary name | AKA: trade nameunique name given by a manufacture |
| Tablets | powdered drugs compressed into pills or disks |
| Capsules | powdered drugs enclosed within gelatin capsule |
| Enteric-coated tablets | have a covering that protects the drug from the acid in the stomach to prevent dissolving before reaching intestine |
| suppositories | inserted into the rectum, absorbed into the intestinal wall |
| sustained release | form of oral drug that release small amnts of the drug into the intestinal lumen over extended time |
| Solution | drug dissolved in a liquid vehivle that doesnt settle out if left standing |
| Suspension | contains drug partivles that are suspended in the liquid vehicle*particles settle tot he bottom if left standing |
| syrups | solutions of drugs with water and sugar |
| Elixirs | solutions of drugs dissolved in sweetened alcohol |
| tincture | alchol solutions meant for topical application |
| components of a a prescription | -name, adress, number of clinic-date-client name, address, species of animal, animal name-Rx symbol-drug name, concentration, #of units to be dispended -Sig- directions for the client-doctor signature-DEA# if controlled substance |
| 1 gram =___ mg | 1000 |
| 1 liter= ___ml | 1000 |
| 1 dram(dr)= ___ml | 4 |
| 1oz=___ml | 30 |
| 1 grain(gr)= ___mg | 65 |
| 1 kg=__ lb | 2.2 |
| 1 ml=__cc | 1 |
| 1 tsp= __ml | 5 |
| 1 tbsp=__ ml | 15 |
| 30 cc=__ oz | 1 |
| 1 cup=__oz | 8 |
| 2 cups =__ pint | 1 |
| 4 components of compensatory mechanisms | 1. + heart rate2. + stroke volume3. + efficiency of heart4. heart enlargement |
| Use of Digitalis | tx of CHFatrial fibrillationsupraventricular tachycardia |
| examples of Digitalis | Digoxin and digitoxin |
| adverse side effect of Digitialis | anorexia, V/D, arrhythmias |
| Drugs that when given along with digitalis cause adverse side effects | cimetidine, metoclopramude, diazepam, anticholinergics |
| what do Catecholamines do | + the force and rate, + blood pressure, + blood glucose |
| Catecholamines are mainly used for ____ term management of severe ____. | short term, heart failure |
| Epinephrine is a _____. | catecholimine |
| uses of epinephrine | cardiac resuscitation and tx of anaphylaxis |
| routes of administration for epinephrine | intracardiac, intratrachial, IV |
| adverse effects of epinephrine | hypertension, arrhythmias, anxiety, excitability |
| what kind of drug is Isoproternol? | Catecholamine |
| when is the use of Isoproternol indicated? | Atropine- resistant bradycardia, sometimes in tx of cardiac disease |
| what kind of drug is Dopamine? | catecholamine |
| uses of Dopamine | acute heart failure, oliguric renal failure and suppostive tx of shock |
| advesre effects of dopamine | vomit, tachycardia, dyspnea, -/+ blood pressure |
| what kind of drug is Dobutamine? | catecholamine |
| Dobutamine and _______ are realated, but dobutamine has little tendencys to increase heart rate | Dopamine |
| define arrhythmia | a variation from the normal rhythm if the heart |
| arrhythmias are commonly a result of ____. | reduced cardiac output |
| what are the 6 different class's of antiarrhythmic drugs? | IA, IB, IC, II, III, IV |
| class IA drugs are used for what? | tx both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias |
| examples of IA drugs | Quinidine and procainamide |
| use of quinidine | atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias/tachycardia |
| adverse effects of quinidine | anorexia, V/D, weakness,laminitis in horses |
| use of procainamide | long term tx of PVC, ventricular and atrial tachycardia |
| adeverse effects of procainamide | anorexia, V/D, hypotension |
| which class of antiarrhythmic drugs are not used in veterinary medicine? | Class IC |
| what is the function of Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs? | block the influx of sodium into the cell = decreasing the cells automaticity |
| example of IB antiarrhythmic drug | Lidocaine |
| what are the uses of Lidocaine? | conrol of PVC and tx of venricular tachycardia |
| which species is more sensative to adverse effects of Lidocaine? | feline |
| class II are also known as | beta blockers, they are beta adrenergic blockers |
| example of class II antiarrhythmic drug | propranolol |
| what is the use of propranolol | tx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and tx of arrhythmias |
| adverse effects of propranolol | bradycardia, hypotension, worsening heart failure, letharfy and depression |
| when using propranolol what is one thing you should never do reguarding therapy. | DONT discontinue therapy abruptly |
| what is the function of Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs? | block the channels that permit entry of calcium ions |
| what is an example of a class IV drug? | verapamil |
| what is verapamil used for? | tx tachicardia, and atrial flutter/fibrillations |
| what are the adverse side effects of verapamil | hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, pulmonary edema |
| what is the function of vasodilators? | dilate arteries, veins or both |
| examles of vasodilators | hydralazine, nitroglycerin ointments |
| use of`hydralazine | reduces after load |
| forms of hydralazine | tablets of injection |
| adverse side effects of hydralazine | hypotension, V/D, sodium and water retension and tachycardia |
| nitroglycerin ointment use | improves cardiac output, used as as a leg sweat to reduce swelling and tx laminitis |
| what does ACE inhibitors stand for? | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| what do ACE inhibitors do? | they prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE |
| what are examples of ACE inhibitors | enalapril and captopril |
| what is the use of enalapril and captopril? | tx of heart failure |
| what might happen when captopril is used along with NSAIDS? | the effectiveness may be reduced |
| give 3 examles of vasodilators | enalapril, nitroglycerin ointment, hydralazine |
| what is an expectorant | drug that liquiefy and dilute viscid secrestions of the resp. tract |
| when is the use of and expectorant indicated? | when a productive cough is present |
| what is an example of and expectorant | guaifenesin (glycery guaiacolate) |
| what are the uses of guaifenesin | relief of cough symptoms and equine muscle relaxation |
| mucolytic | drug that breaks down mucous |
| acetylcycstine is what type of drug? | mucolytic |
| clinical uses of acetylcycstine | break down thick resp. secrestions |
| acetaminophan toxicity is treated by what drug? | acetylcsteine |
| acetylcsteine is AKA | mucomyst |
| what is the function of an antitussive | inhibits of suppress coughing |
Created by:
camelle
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