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Nervous System

Clinical Anatomy & Physiology for Veterinary Technicians CH9

TermDefinition
Sympathetic System Fight or Flight, Helps body cope with emergency situations.
ParaSympathetic Rest and Restore, brings body back to resting state, facilitates all body processes to replace resources used during emergency
What does endocrine & Nervous system have in common when it comes to communication and control? They both use chemicals to carry messages.
What are the 2 main divisions in the nervous system? Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central nervous system definition? Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System Definition? Nerves to link the CNS to rest of the body
What are the three main activities of the nervous system? (SIM) Sensory-Recieves, analyze, and store Integrating function- produce response Motor function-Instructions to body
T OR F, neurons=nerve cells, have high requirement of oxygen? T
What does neuroglia do for neurons/nerve cells? Support and protect
Whats the function of dendrites? Receives stimuli
Function of Axons? impulses
Define Afferent? Conducts stimuli Towards Cell Body.
What is a myelinated axon? conducts impulses FASTER than those without myelin.
What does the spinal cord have that sends signals to the body? Gray and White Mater
What is Efferent? Conducts Impulses AWAY from CNS. also called motor nerves.
What are mixed nerves? nerves may contain both kinds of nerve fibers most nerves in the PNS are mixed nerves
What is Autonomic Nervous System? coordination of automatic body functions example is stimulating release of digestive juices in response to ingestion of a meal
What is Somatic Nervous system? conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles
True or False, Polarization means extremely active and going. False, Polarization means resting state.
What is Refractory Period? very brief time period when a neuron is insensitive to additional stimuli
List four Neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine, Catecholamines, GABA, Glycine
List four ways to stop the neurotransmitters. acetylcholinesterase monoamine oxidase (MAO) catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)
white matter contains most of the myelinated nerve fibers
gray matter contains most of the neuron cell bodies
Whats the largest part of the brain and what does it do? Cerebrum=functions associated with learning and intelligence
What is the purpose of reflexes? rapid, automatic responses to stimuli designed to protect the body designed to maintain homeostasis
pupillary light reflex (PLR) normal response to shining light in the eye of an animal is for the iris in both eyes to constrict
palpebral reflex light tap on medial canthus of eye produces a blink of eyelids
What is pupillary Light Reflex Hint: POKE THE EYEBALL FOR REACTION normal response to shining light in the eye of an animal is for the iris in both eyes to constrict
What is Crossed extensor reflex. contralateral reflex afferent sensory impulse synapses with interneurons - crosses to other side of spinal cord and stimulates muscles that extend the opposite limb. ie. falling over and stops yourself fm falling over tack
What Withdrawal Reflex. (Flexor Reflex) also called flexor reflex several interneuron synapses results in contraction or flexing of muscles Example - pulling hand away from hot stove
What is Stretch Reflex. Simple two neuron reflex arc Muscle is stretched and send impulse to spinal cord Send signal back to contract Body can maintain tension and tone to prevent overstretching Example - patellar ligament tap…knee jerk reflex
What is Hypperflexive. with injury, intact reflex arcs caudal to the spinal cord trauma become
What is Hyporflexive. with injury where the reflex arc enters or leaves the spinal cord, or damage to sensory or motor nerves of the reflex
What is the Reflex Arc?
Created by: adbow3n
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