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Horses
infectious disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does equine herpes virus 4 cause | equine rhinopneumonitis |
| equine rhinopneumonitis clinical findings | mild, slowly spreading respiratory disease within a stable and transmitted by aerosol and droplets |
| what does equine herpes virus 1 causes | rhinopneumonitis, abortion, neurological disease |
| equine herpes virus 1 pathogenesis | replicates in upper respiratory tract. leikocyte-associated viremic spread to uterus, fetus. |
| equine herpes virus 1 in foals | presents as pneumonia, generally die within in day or 2 despite intensive care |
| equine herpes virus 1 neuro disease | ascending infection of nerve tissues seeded by the viremia. progressive ataxia and die or are euthanized. myeloencephalopathy with horses showing ataxia more than encephalitis. |
| equine herpes virus necropsy | aborted fetuses not autolyzed, focal necrosis of liver is common, intranuclear inclusions especially in fetal liver and lung |
| equine herpes virus vaccination | modified live and inactivated. does not prevent disease. can aid in prevention of abortion in pregnant mares. reduction of signs and spread of respiratory tract disease in foals, weanlings, and yearlings, performance, show horses. not protection of neuro |
| what does equine herpes virus 3 cause | coital exanthema |
| coital exanthema | often sibclinical. persistence and recurrence in mares and stallions have been observed. superficial infection only. |
| coital exanthema clinical signs | vesicles on the skin of the vulva or penis, progress to erosions, scabs,heal in about 2 wks. 2nd bacterial infection. depigmented areas. |
| coital exanthema transmission | venereal |
| coital exanthema vaccine | None |
| equine warts and sarcoids are caused by what family of virus | papillomavirus |
| equine warts transmission | direct contact or contact with fomites |
| equine warts clinical signs | less than 3 yr age. wart-like lesions initally fleshy and smooth that progress to hyperkeratotic gray lesions. affects lips and muzzle, distal limbs, genitalia, ears, eyelids |
| equine warts treatment | spontaneous resolution, cryosurgery, chemical cautery |
| equine sarcoids treatment | they do not regress. surgery often unsuccessful |
| Equine infectious anemia clinical signs | weakness, depression, intermittent fever, edema of dependent parts, icterus, petechial hemorrhages on conjunctiva and ventral surface of tongue.tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, anemia. |
| Equine infectious anemia pathogenesis | virus replicates extensively in macrophages |
| Equine infectious anemia clinical pathology | primary infection:anemia, hypergammagloninemia, leukopenia.followed by lymphocytosis and monocytosis. |
| Equine infectious anemia necropsy findings | hemorrhages on serosal and mucosal surfaces. enlargement of spleen and liver, subcutaneous edema in acute cases. chronic cases, emaciation, pale mucous mem. |
| Equine infectious anemia transmission | present in tissues and blood of infected horses. transmitted mechanically by insects, contaminated instruments, in utero, vernerally, ingestion of colostrum |
| Equine infectious anemia treatment | none, no vaccine, coggins test, euthanasia |
| vesicular stomatitis is often confused with what disease | foot and mouth |
| vesicular stomatitis transmission | arthropod borne. droplet infection. no viremia. does not survive long in env |
| equine influenza clinical disease | causes upper respiratory disease. explosive outbreaks, high temp, |
| equine influenza pathogensis | replicates in upper and lower respiratory tract |
| equine influenza necropsy | bronchiolitis with infliltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes around bronchioles. mononuclear cell infiltration of alveolar walls. |
| equine influenza treatment | AB therapy for 2nd infection |
| equine influenza control | vaccine, poor response, booster required |
| equine viral arteritis clinical signs | edematous swelling of dependent parts. pregnant mares likely to abort. stallions persistently infected |
| equine viral arteritis transmission | shed in pharyngeal secretions, urine and semen. droplet infection, contact during breeding. persistent infection occurs in stallions. |
| equine viral arteritis vaccine | modified live. can spread to in contact horses. vaccine effective in preventing colts becoming persistently infected (6-12mo). |
| Types of equine encephalitied | 1. togaviridae 2.flaviviridae |
| togaviridae includes what | eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis. |
| flaviviridae includes what | west nile fever and encephalitis. |
| equine encephalitides overview | arthropod borne. domestic animal species and humans are accidentally infected. |
| intrinsic incubation | time taken by an organism to complete its development in the definitive host. |
| extrinsic incubation | time taken by a virus to complete its development in the intermediate host |
| properties of togaviruses | fever and encephalitis characterize clinical presentation. |
| EEE clinical presentation | fever, anorexia, depression, cerebral signs, teeth grinding, lowered head. |
| EEE vaccine | inactivated vaccine |
| WNV epidemiology | birds primary host. humans and horses are dead end host |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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