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Radiology I
Quiz Question Review (Up to Hands-free is done)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An example of electromagnetic radiation is x-rays. Another example of electromagnetic radiation is | visible light |
| Properties of x-rays include | they act like both waves and particles |
| A mechanism for cooling the x-ray tube is | rotating anode |
| Why should a minimum of two views of the patient be taken with each x-ray study? | to gather most accurate information on a 3-D patient |
| Which of the following will yield the sharpest image? | "cone down" or collimate the aperture of the x-ray beam |
| The rectifier converts | alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) |
| Due to the Heel Effect, the thickest area in the field of view should be | on the cathode side of the primary beam |
| Describe what a grid is and why it is needed in radiology. What is it? Why needed? | A grid made of lead is placed above some cassettes to absorb scatter radiation produced by x-ray bean penetrating the patient. Reduces scatter radiation. |
| There were four recommendations for the Care of the X-ray Machine discussed in class. Name two. | Do not drop or hit x-ray tubes! (especially portable units, fragile) Do not leave x-ray machine on continuously, Do not hold down rotor longer than necessary, Do not make too many high energy exposures in rapid succession (tube overheating is possible) |
| No individual under 18 years of age should have occupational exposure to radiation. | True |
| Automatic processors can be used immediately after they are turned on without a warm-up period. | False |
| Light flasher labeling is imprinted onto a radiograph after film exposure to x-rays and prior to development. | True |
| Sedation and/or restraint equipment should be used whenever possible to minimize staff exposure to radiation. | True |
| Which of the following statements define milliamperage (mA)? | Quantify factor (amount of electrical energy) |
| The legal Maximal Permissible Dose (MPD) that is allowed in the USA due to occupational radiation exposure is 0.05 Sieverts per year. | True |
| Lead gloves are sturdy and are good choices to protect hands from bites or scratches. | False |
| If a veterinary technician is wearing a lead apron, his/her body is completely protected from scatter radiation. | False |
| For a film radiograph to be admissible in as evidence in a court of law, what minimum information must be imprinted prior to development? See the source image | Patient/owner name; hospital name; date of exam |
| X-ray film must be stored properly prior to exposure to protect it from | All choices are correct |
| The most common cause for the need to retake a radiograph is | poor positioning of patient |
| What are some qualities needed for a good darkroom? | clean/organized, climate controlled, impervious to white light ("light proof") |
| What does the acronym ALARA stand for? | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| How to implement the ALARA Principle: | Time: Limiting exposure to the least amount of time possible while getting optimal results. Distance: Creating as much distance from radiation source as possible. Shielding: Wearing proper PPE. (Lead gloves, apron, thyroid shield and glasses |
| How is this piece of equipment used to enhance radiation safety? | It is used to measure the animal's width (at site of exposure) to set technique (including SID) avoids retakes, #1 cause of excess radiation exposure |
| List one possible late effect of radiation exposure to a living animal. | cataracts |
| SID (Source to Image Distance) | The source image receptor distance known as the SID is the distance of the tube from the image receptor, affecting magnification. The greater the SID, the less magnification the image will suffer. |
| A metastasis evaluation requires three radiographic views to identify tumors in the lungs. | True |
| If a veterinary technician accidentally bumps the x-ray tube and it moves away from the table 1 inch, it isn't important because focal-film distance has little effect on radiographic quality. | False |
| It is important that an animal not be moving or panting at the moment of x-ray exposure. | True |
| It is okay to use the film processor at a temperature of 80 F, if the chemicals are thoroughly mixed. | False |
| It is okay to stack multiple cassettes in the x-ray all the time so that they are handy when needed. | False |
| Which of the following will be found on a Radiographic Technique Chart? | Body region; mAs; Grid Status |
| How many lumbar vertebrae in the dog and cat? | Seven (back) |
| How many cervical vertebrae in the dog and cat? | Seven |
| How many thoracic vertebrae in the dog and cat? | Thirteen (chest) |
| How many sacral (tail bone) vertebrae in the dog and cat? | Three fused sacral (tail bone) and a variable number of tail vertebrae. |
| The DVM has ordered a left lateral thoracic radiograph, the LVT will position the pet with the | Left chest wall on the table |
| Which of the following should be considered when taking a radiograph? | Least risk of x-ray exposure to personnel. Welfare of patient/minimal trauma to area of interest. Restraint and immobilization of patient. |
| Concerning positioning animals for radiography, which of the following statements is true? | The primary beam should be centered on the area of interest when a specific area is known. |
| When imaging the thorax, the exposure should be taken during | Maximum inspiration |
| When positioning for a mediolateral view of the right stifle, the veterinary technician should | Place right limb on cassette in a natural limb position (about 120 degrees at stifle). Left limb should be abducted and pulled caudally. Measure and center over the stifle. |
| When taking an abdominal radiograph the patient should be measured ______________________and the beam centered ______________________. | Caudal to 13th rib; caudal to 13th rib |
| An important patient preparation technique to remember prior to performing an abdominal radiograph on a dog (urinary bladder image not needed) is to walk the dog to encourage the emptying of the colon. | True |
| True or False: The cathode side of the x-ray beam will be designated with a "+" on the x-ray machine. | False |
| True or False: When imaging a limb, the x-ray beam should be centered over the known fracture site. | True |
| Describe the positioning of the animal for a lateral thorax view (with or without hand restraint). | a. foam cradle: for VD positioning b. gauze to extend limb while reducing exposure to the technician c. sandbags to restrain patient |
| How can you tell that a radiograph is "overexposed" and requires a decrease in the kVp? | It is too dark. |
| What is the cause of the black crescent marks on a radiograph? | Rough handling with fingernails |
| What situations can cause a generalized foggy image? | Low level light leak in the darkroom, a developer chemical that is not warmed to the correct temperature, or scatter radiation from storing unexposed cassettes in x-ray room. |
| If the technician has developer solution on his/her hands while loading or unloading film from the cassette, what artifact might be seen? | Black marks/fingerprints |
| What causes uniform fine lines on a radiograph? | Improper alignment of grid and primary beam |
| True or False: Objects that do not allow many x-rays to pass through are called radiopaque. | True |
| True or False: There are five Object Densities in medical radiology: gas, bone, metal, fat and soft tissue/fluid. | True |
| True or False: Doubling the kVp will double the blackness of the patient image. | False |
| True or False: Doubling the mAs will double the blackness of the image background. | True |
| True or False: Regarding Object-Film Distance, the closer the object is to the film, the sharper the image. | True |
| True or False: Regarding Focal-Film Distance, the closer the x-ray tube is to the film, the sharper the image. | False |
| True or False: Generally, when radiographing live animals, the longer the exposure time, the better the image detail! | False |
| True or False: If the x-ray beam energy is 100mA and the exposure time is 1/10 second, then the mAs is the same as an x-ray beam with a 300mA exposed for 1/30 second. | True |
| To prevent distortion in the image, the object (body region of interest) must be as parallel to the film as possible. | True |
| If there is movement distortion, the radiograph background is too dark, and the bone is too light what changes can be made to produce a better image? | Decrease in mAs, increase in kVp, and sedation of patient to stop patient movement. |
| Digital radiography has an advantage over film radiography because | Storing and moving images is easier |
| A technique problem that may occur with digital radiography could be caused by | Scatter, grid cut-off, patient motion |
| DICOM standards refers to | The international standard for transmission of medical images. (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) |
| Uberschwinger artifact (CR image below) is important because it can be mistaken for | Loosening of orthopedic metal devices |
| Collimation refers to what in radiography? | The restricting and confining of the x-ray beam to a given area. |
| Digital radiography has a wide latitude, which means | Changes in kVp have virtually no effect on image quality. |
| Exposure Value Indicator (EPI) system indicates | The digital plates exposure to the x-ray beam |
| True or False: If a digital cassette is exposed on Friday, the image will be of perfect quality on Monday. | False |
| True or False: Unlike film radiography, digital radiography is not affected by white light. | False |
| True or False: Because the computer can label the images, there is no need to use lead markers on digital cassettes. | False |
| True or False: Digital radiography will always result in higher resolution than film radiography. | False. That is not true of current technology. |
| True or False: The decreased need for retakes due to exposure variables is a safety benefit of digital radiography vs. film radiography. | True |
| True or False: PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) is an advantage of digital radiography vs. film radiography. | True |
| Hands-free Radiography techniques offer the advantage(s) of: | Use of sedatives/pain medication decreases patient psychological stress. Use of sedatives/anesthesia creates better positioned radiographs. Decreased radiation exposure to staff. |
| Why would a veterinary team choose a Horizontal Beam technique? | The patient resists the positioning for a beam perpendicular to the table/ground. To visualize fluid or free fluid in a cavity. It is dangerous to animal or staff to move the animal into a recumbent position. |
| For ALARA goals, the staff should ideally work at what distance from the x-ray beam? | More than 6 feet away |
| Which sedatives/anesthetics have reversal agents available? | Opiates; Xylazine; Demedomidine (Dexdomitor) |
| True or False: It is okay to tape a bird or reptile to the cassette with any kind of tape that is available. | False |
| True or False: The "inverse double rule" states, "if you double your distance from the primary x-ray beam, then your radiation exposure will decrease to 1/2." | False (1/4?) |
| True or False: Covering a patient's eyes may keep it calm and enable hands-free radiography. | True |
| Describe one potential use of a wooden or lucite spoon in veterinary radiography. | For studies of joints via flexed views (what more did I need to add) |
Created by:
Raevyn1
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