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L3 A&P - UNIT 1 - S6

Section 6: Energy systems and their relation to exercise

QuestionAnswer
energy exists in the human body in the form of ? Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
what are the sources of energy for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Carbohydrates, proteins and fats
ATP is made up of 4 molecules, how many adenosine and how many phosphate ? one adenosine molecule and three phosphate
in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) where is the energy stored ? in the bonds that link the phosphate molecules to the adenosine
in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) how is energy released when The bonds are broken down
in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) The bonds are broken down by which enzyme to release energy ATPase
must ATP to muscle stores be continually replenished by the creatine phosphate, lactate and aerobic energy systems. muscle stores are limited
ATP Creatine phosphate system (immediate energy) can only last for how long ? a few seconds
which system is derived exclusively from chemical energy stored in the muscles and requires no oxygen (i.e. it’s anaerobic). Creatine phosphate system
which system bridges the gap between the aerobic and creatine phosphate systems Lactate system
which system Can sustain exercise activity for 60-180 seconds Lactate system
what are the recovery times via the lactate system from 20 minutes to two hours.
Waste product of the lactate system lactic acid
which energy system produces ATP from the complete breakdown of carbohydrate and fat, in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic system
Waste products of the aerobic system carbon dioxide, water and heat
what are the two macronutrients that supply the body with ATP during aerobic metabolism. Fat (fatty acids) and carbohydrate (glucose)
No limits on the amounts of ATP that can be produced but the rate of ATP production is limited. TRUE/FALSE TRUE
Aerobic training adaptations: "Pulmonary changes" increase in maximal breathing rate and tidal volume, which leads to a lowered use of oxygen and output of fewer waste products.
Aerobic training adaptations: "Cardiovascular changes" in trained hearts include significant hypertrophy and improvements in blood flow, as well as a lower resting heart rate, greater cardiac output and increased blood plasma volume
Aerobic training adaptations: "Muscular changes" include improved blood supply to the active muscles, combined with a greater ability to extract and utilise oxygen from the blood. Increases in mitochondria and aerobic enzymes are another effect of aerobic exercise.
Lactate training adaptations: "Cardiovascular changes" Lactate training adaptations are related to improvements in the cardiorespiratory system.
Lactate training adaptations: "Muscular changes" Muscles that utilise more oxygen will produce less lactic acid at a given exercise intensity
Creatine phosphate training adaptations: "Muscular changes" They can result in increased muscle mass and a predominance of fast twitch muscle fibres
As one energy system becomes exhausted, the others can take over TRUE/FALSE TRUE - As the demands of the activity change, so do the relative contributions of the energy systems.
Created by: LeeNelson
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