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L3 A&P - UNIT 1 - S5
Section 5: The endocrine system and its relation to exercise and health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemicals that are released into the bloodstream to help control and manage the internal environment of the body are known as ? H | Hormones |
| The technical name given to our hormonal controls is the ? EC | endocrine system |
| Hormones are released from various glands around the body known as the e******** glands | endocrine |
| a hormone that stimulates the body in many different ways to manage stress is known as a ? C | cortisol |
| It is not uncommon to find that there may be multiple hormones involved before the final cellular or glandular response is achieved TRUE/FALSE | TRUE |
| which gland is often considered the master gland, as many of the early endocrine outputs originate from here ? PG | Pituitary gland |
| where can the Pituitary gland be located | brain |
| which gland is considered to be the master regulator of metabolism ? TG | Thyroid gland |
| where can the Thyroid gland be located | Throat |
| these glands are named after their location on top of the renals (or kidneys). These small glands help primarily control and manage the stress response in the body ? AG | Adrenal glands |
| this glandular organ sits below the stomach and helps in the control of carbohydrate metabolism ? P | Pancreas |
| The pancreas produces two hormones called i****** and g******* | insulin and glucagon |
| The pancreas produces two hormones called insulin and glucagon. They both help to regulate ? BG | blood glucose. |
| what is responsible for driving glucose into adipose tissue and so plays a role in contributing to fat cell storage & also for driving proteins into cells ? I | Insulin |
| what other name is given to adipose tissue ? | Fat |
| which foods stimulate a stronger insulin response protein-rich foods or carbohydrate-rich foods. ? | carbohydrate-rich foods. |
| Rising blood glucose, as a result of food intake, signals to the body that the pancreas needs to release what ? I | Insulin |
| Insulin signals for cellular channels to open and allow the glucose to move out of the blood and into the cells for use, this results in a reduction of what ? | blood |
| When an individual has gone for a long period without food or has engaged in prolonged activity, what levels may drop | glucose |
| The pancreas releases glucagon which stimulates the liver to break down g******* into g****** | glycogen into glucose |
| what stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose | glucagon |
| what hormone do the ovaries release which influences fat storage around the hips, buttocks and thighs ? O | oestrogen |
| which hormone do the testes release which plays a part in stimulating the growth of muscle tissue.? T | testosterone |
| which small glands sit on top of the kidneys | Adrenal Glands |
| what is the name given to the inner layer of adrenal glands ? | adrenal medulla |
| which part of the adrenals produces a category of hormones called the ‘catecholamines’. | The inner layer (or adrenal medulla) |
| what is the name given to the outer layer of adrenal glands ? | the adrenal cortex |
| which part of the adrenals produces a category of hormones called the ‘corticosteroids’. | the adrenal cortex |
| The adrenals are well located on top of the kidneys, as they have a direct link to which major vessels of the body ? | major blood vessels |
| what is the benefit of the adrenals being well located on top of the kidneys & having direct access to the major blood vessels of the body and what does it allow hormones to do ? | get out into circulation and into effect very quickly |
| what is the most well known hormone in the catecholamine category which is a product of the adrenal medulla ? | Adrenaline |
| which two hormones are released when life necessitates a typical ‘fight-or-flight’ response | Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
| are the hormones of action as they drive heart rate, blood flow, and breathing and alertness levels upwards preparing the body very rapidly for activity | Adrenaline and noradrenaline |
| The primary corticosteroid released from the adrenal cortex is called ? | cortisol |
| which hormone helps provide needed reserves in the body to manage stress, whether mental, physical or emotional | cortisol |
| Cortisol is primarily catabolic and helps break down ? and ? to provide energy for the body during stressful periods | carbohydrates and fats |
| which hormone offers support during short-term bouts of stress | cortisol |
| Long-term chronic stress and the resulting excess ? can lead to deterioration in health by unbalancing the endocrine system | cortisol |
| which hormone released from the adrenal cortex via the corticosteroid is important in maintaining the water balance in the bloodstream | Aldosterone |
| which hormone released from the adrenal cortex via the corticosteroid helps regulate the sodium/potassium balance in the blood | Aldosterone |
| whic two minerals play a major role in water balance ? S/P | sodium/potassium |
| which hormone is Released directly from the pituitary gland, stimulates bone growth, protein synthesis and fat burning | Growth hormone |
| which hormone Stimulates bone growth, protein synthesis and fat burning | Growth hormone |
| which hormone is Released from the thyroid gland after stimulus from the pituitary. | Thyroid hormones |
| which hormone Controls cellular energy production, body temperature and metabolic rate ? | Thyroid hormone |
| why is it it’s vital that Both growth and thyroid hormones are kept at the correct levels in the body | maintaining good health |
| which glandular organ releases glucagon when blood sugar (glucose) levels fall too low | Pancreas |
| which adrenal cortex hormone increases blood sugar and aids fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. | Cortisol |
| which Adrenal medulla hormone regulates heart rate and is crucial for the fight-or-flight response. | Adrenaline |
| which Pituitary gland hormone stimulates growth in all areas of the body | Growth hormone |
| Low blood glucose can often occur during exercise why ? | adequate food has not been ingested prior to the activity |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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