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L5 - Resp Pharm
Clin Pharm Ex 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Breaks disulfide bonds w/in mucus = ↓ viscosity | mucolytics |
| Most common mucolytic used in vet med? | N-acetylcysteine (NAC) |
| Expectorants can be used to break up mucous in animals, but... | efficacy is questionable |
| Drugs that lower swelling of nasal/airway mucosa | decongestants |
| Examples of H1-anti-histamines: | Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, & Hydroxyzine |
| Anti-histamines can be used in animals, but... | efficacy isn't well documented |
| Types of decongestants include... | H1-anti-histamines & a1-agonists |
| A1-agonists ↓ blood flow & ↓ fluid in mucosa. Ex: | Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, & Phenylephrine |
| Can be used as nasal spray to relieve anesthesia induced nasal congestion & edema in horses | Phenylephrine |
| Bacteria commonly found in upper airways (normal skin flora gets breathed in) | Gram Positive |
| Opportunistic invasive bact in lower airways | Gram Negative |
| Abx used to tx lower airway bact infections | Cephalosporins, Amoxicilin, Potentiated sulfonamides, Flouroquinolones |
| Important for tx inflammatory bronchial dz | Glucocorticoids |
| Ex of inflammatory bronchial dz: | COPD (horses), asthma (cats), chronic bronchitis (dogs) |
| Glucocorticoid oral compounds | Prednisolone & Prednisone |
| Glucocorticoid inhaled compounds | Fluticasone |
| Prednisolone = active metabolite of... | Prednisone |
| Prednisone cannot be given to which spp? | cats & horses (no metabolic conversion) |
| Potent bronchoconstrictors & trigger inflammation & edema | Leukotrienes (LTs) |
| Blocks effects of LTs | Leukotriene Antagonists |
| More specific LT Antagonists | Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors |
| Ex of LT Antags | Montelukast & Zavirkulast |
| LT Antags can be used in place of... | corticosteroids |
| Cough suppressants (antitussives) used in vet med | Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, & Butorphanol |
| Bronchodilation can be induced by using... | Anticholinergics or B2 adrenergic agonists |
| Which agents for stimulating bronchodilation are better? | B2 agonists |
| Anticholinergics used to cause bronchodilation: | Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, & Ipratropium |
| Nonspecific adrenergic agonists (very short lived) | Epi, Ephedrine, & Isoproterenol |
| B2-selective adrenergic agonists (best choice) | Terbutaline, Albuterol, Clenbuterol, & Salmeterol |
| Block NK1 receptors to ↓ bronchospasms, mucus secretions, & vascular leakage | NK1 receptor antagonists |
| NK1 R antag used in dogs & cats to tx emesis & motion sickness | Maropitant |
| What extra label use does Maropitant have? | tx feline asthma |
| PDEI (↑ cAMP)admin orally to tx obstructive small airway dz | Theophylline |
| Agent relaxes arterial smooth m & used to tx hypertension | Sildenafil |
| Centrally acting respiratory stimulant, ↑ sensitivity of carotid body chemosensors | Doxapram |
| Can be admin directly to resp tract of premature foals or calves = stim breathing | surfactant |
| Surfactant is normally produced by... | Type II alveolar cells |
| Ex of surfactant agents | Beractant, Calactant, & Poractant alpha |
Created by:
Dr_B.Phillips22
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