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L5 - Resp Pharm

Clin Pharm Ex 1

QuestionAnswer
Breaks disulfide bonds w/in mucus = ↓ viscosity mucolytics
Most common mucolytic used in vet med? N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Expectorants can be used to break up mucous in animals, but... efficacy is questionable
Drugs that lower swelling of nasal/airway mucosa decongestants
Examples of H1-anti-histamines: Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine, & Hydroxyzine
Anti-histamines can be used in animals, but... efficacy isn't well documented
Types of decongestants include... H1-anti-histamines & a1-agonists
A1-agonists ↓ blood flow & ↓ fluid in mucosa. Ex: Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, & Phenylephrine
Can be used as nasal spray to relieve anesthesia induced nasal congestion & edema in horses Phenylephrine
Bacteria commonly found in upper airways (normal skin flora gets breathed in) Gram Positive
Opportunistic invasive bact in lower airways Gram Negative
Abx used to tx lower airway bact infections Cephalosporins, Amoxicilin, Potentiated sulfonamides, Flouroquinolones
Important for tx inflammatory bronchial dz Glucocorticoids
Ex of inflammatory bronchial dz: COPD (horses), asthma (cats), chronic bronchitis (dogs)
Glucocorticoid oral compounds Prednisolone & Prednisone
Glucocorticoid inhaled compounds Fluticasone
Prednisolone = active metabolite of... Prednisone
Prednisone cannot be given to which spp? cats & horses (no metabolic conversion)
Potent bronchoconstrictors & trigger inflammation & edema Leukotrienes (LTs)
Blocks effects of LTs Leukotriene Antagonists
More specific LT Antagonists Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors
Ex of LT Antags Montelukast & Zavirkulast
LT Antags can be used in place of... corticosteroids
Cough suppressants (antitussives) used in vet med Codeine, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, & Butorphanol
Bronchodilation can be induced by using... Anticholinergics or B2 adrenergic agonists
Which agents for stimulating bronchodilation are better? B2 agonists
Anticholinergics used to cause bronchodilation: Atropine, Glycopyrrolate, & Ipratropium
Nonspecific adrenergic agonists (very short lived) Epi, Ephedrine, & Isoproterenol
B2-selective adrenergic agonists (best choice) Terbutaline, Albuterol, Clenbuterol, & Salmeterol
Block NK1 receptors to ↓ bronchospasms, mucus secretions, & vascular leakage NK1 receptor antagonists
NK1 R antag used in dogs & cats to tx emesis & motion sickness Maropitant
What extra label use does Maropitant have? tx feline asthma
PDEI (↑ cAMP)admin orally to tx obstructive small airway dz Theophylline
Agent relaxes arterial smooth m & used to tx hypertension Sildenafil
Centrally acting respiratory stimulant, ↑ sensitivity of carotid body chemosensors Doxapram
Can be admin directly to resp tract of premature foals or calves = stim breathing surfactant
Surfactant is normally produced by... Type II alveolar cells
Ex of surfactant agents Beractant, Calactant, & Poractant alpha
Created by: Dr_B.Phillips22
Popular Veterinary sets

 

 



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