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L4 - Renal Pharm
Clin Pharm Ex 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mannitol is a good anti-diuretic (AD) agent bc... | filtered by kidneys, but not reabsorbed |
| AD agents can be given to tx... | CHF, RF, ↑IOP, cerebral edema, etc. |
| Methylxanthines can be used as AD agents, but most commonly use in vet med to... | counteract bronchodilation |
| Ex of Methylxanthines | Theophylline, Aminophylline, Caffine, Theobromine |
| Competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhib = ↑ IC cAMP = activates PKA | Methylxanthines |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors | Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide |
| Sulfonamide derivatives that reversibly inhib CA in renal PT | Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors CAIs) |
| CAIs cause inhib of HCO3 reabsorption, which produces... | alkaline urine = hyperchloremic acidosis |
| CA is present in the eyes, involved in... | aqueous humor prod |
| CAIs are primarily used to tx... | glaucoma; given as eye drops |
| Loop Diuretic ex: | Furosamide, Torsemide, Bumetanide |
| Which agent can be given with Furosemide for an immediate diuretic effect? | Mannitol |
| Loop diuretics are very effective & fast acting because... | inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter in Loop of Henle |
| Which diuretic agents provided the greatest diuresis? | Loop diuretics |
| What vital electrolyte must be monitored &/or supplemented w/AD agent tx? | Potassium |
| Loop diuretics are drug of choice for tx of... | liver dz, CHF, & generalized edema |
| Loop diuretics are very potent so they shouldn't be given... | long term |
| Commonly used to prevent exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage & epistaxis in race horses | Furosemide |
| Thiazide diuretics (benzothiadizines) act in... | early part of distal convoluted tubule |
| Diuretics that block the Na-Cl Cotransporter in the DCT | Thiazide Diuretics |
| Due to actions in the early DCT, ↓ excretion of... | Ca2+ |
| Thiazide diuretic effects are modest bc... | 90% Na reabsorbed prior to DCT |
| Which Thiazide Diuretics are most common in vet med? | Chlorothiazide & Hydrochlorothiazide |
| What drug tx is useful for udder edema in cattle? | Chlorothiazide +/- Dexamethazone |
| Thiazides produce less _____ than other diuretics | disturbance of ECF |
| Potassium sparing diuretics: | Spironolactone, Triamterene, & Amiloride |
| Triamterene & Amiloride act in DCT & Collecting Duct by... | inhin Na resorption w/o ↑ K excretion |
| Spironolactone ↓ regulates Na ch & Na-K exchange bc it's a... | competitive antagonist of aldosterone in late DCT |
| When is Spironolactone the best choice for a diuretic? | CRF when aldosterone is ↑ |
Created by:
Dr_B.Phillips22
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