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A&P: Integument
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integument | The skin, composed of all 4 tissue types Covers and protects |
| Integumentary system | Skin, horns, claws, hooves, glands, hair |
| Keratin | A fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, feathers, hooves, claws, and horns |
| Keratinization | To change into a form of keratin |
| Vitamin D | Essential for the absorption of calcium |
| Epidermis | The surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis |
| Dermis (corium) | The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glances, and hair follicles |
| Dermal papillae | Upward projections of the dermis, they help cement the epidermis and dermis together |
| Hypodermis / subcutaneous layer | Found below the dermis, composed primarily of adipose tissue, acts as a thermoinsulator and mechanical shock absorber |
| Keratinocyte | An epidermal cell which produces keratin |
| Keratohyaline granules | |
| Melanocyte | Found in the deepest epidermal layers, produces melanin |
| Langerhans cell | A macrophage specific to the epidermis, originates in bone marrow and migrates to skin, where it phagocytizes microinvaders and plays an important role in helping stimulate aspects of the immune system |
| Merkel cells | Always associated with a sensory nerve ending and thought to aid in the sensation of touch |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | |
| Stratum germinativum / stratum basale | Basal layer, consists of a single row of keratinocytes, which are firmly attached to the apithelial basement |
| Stratum spinosum | “Spiny layer,” when the cells are fixed for histological examination, they contract into spiculated masses resembling sea urchins |
| Stratum granulosum | “Granular layer,” the middle layer of skin, compmosed of 2-4 layers of flattened, diamond-shaped keratinocytes |
| Stratum lucidum | “Clear layer,” found in very thick skin, composed of a few rows of flattened, dead cells |
| Stratum corneum | “Horny layer,” outermost layer and dominates the epidermis |
| Tactile elevations | Knoblike elevations in epidermis, associated with a tactile hair |
| Tylotrich hair | Important in the perception of touch |
| Pruritis | Severe itching of the skin |
| Alopecia | The partial or complete absence of hair; baldness |
| Excoriations | Damage or remove part of skin surface |
| Hyperkeratosis | Skin-thickening |
| Pyoderma | A skin infection with formation of pus |
| Demodex | Mites that live in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands |
| Sarcoptes | Mites that burrow into the oozing excoriations of the skin |
| Notoedres | Mites linked to mange in cats rats, and rabbits |
| Papillary layer | Lies just below the epithelial layer of epidermis, composed of loose connective tissue with loosely woven fibers and ground substance |
| Meissner’s corpuscles | Nerve endings or pain receptors and touch receptors, sensitive to light touch |
| Reticular layer | Consists of dense irregular connective tissue, accounts for 80% of dermis |
| Pacinian corpuscle | Touch receptor sensitive to heavier pressure |
| Pigmentation | Caused by the presence or absence of melanin granules in the melanocytes |
| Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | |
| Hypophysis | Technical term for pituitary |
| Carpal pads | Reside on the caudal surfaces of the “wrist” |
| Metacarpal/metatarsal pads | The central weight-bearing pads of the foot |
| Digital pads | Pads that protect each digit |
| Exocrine sweat glands | |
| Lamellar corpuscles | |
| Planum nasale | Top of the nose in cats, pigs, sheep, and dogs |
| Planum nasolabiale | Nose of the horse and cow |
| Chestnuts | Dark brown, horny structure found on the inside of each leg at the carpus of the forearm and at the tarsus or hock of the hind leg |
| Ergot | Horny structure usually buried in the long, caudal hairs of the fetlock |
| Cutaneous pouch | Infoldings of the skin found in sheep: infraorbital (in front of eye), interdigital (in front of hoof), and inguinal (near the groin) |
| Root hair plexus | Sensory nerve endings, a touch receptor |
| Compound follicle | When multiple hair strands emerge from a single pore |
| Epidermal oriface | Pore |
| Primary hair | Guard hair or cover hair, usually longer |
| Secondary hair | Shorter hairs, usually surrounding a guard hair |
| Medulla | The flexible central core of a hair |
| Cortex | Surrounds the medulla, composed of hard keratin and is stiff |
| Telogen effluvium | “Blowing the coat”, when a mother dog loses most of her fur after whelping |
| Anagen phase | When the hair is growing and reaching its maximum length |
| Telogen phase | After the hair grows, it rests, which can last weeks to years, depending on locatioon |
| Catagen phase | The period of transition between the anagen and telogen phases |
| Pheomelanin | The type of melanin that produces yellowish and reddish colors |
| Tyrosine melanin | Causes black and brown coloring |
| Implantation angle | The degree of erection in a hair |
| Arrector pili muscle | A small, smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle that contracts and pulls hairs into an erect position |
| Atopy | Denoting a form of allergy in which a hypersensitivity reaction such as dermatitis |
| Tail gland | Most cats and dogs possess a gland that assists with recognition and identification of individual animals |
| Ungulate | A hoofed animal |
| Corium | Sensitive tissue of hooves |
Created by:
juliaportella
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