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Rabies
Lyssavirus of Rhabdoviridae
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does rabies mean in Latin? Are Lyssaviruses usually cytopathic or non? | RAGE. NON |
| Who is susceptible to this virus? | ALL warm-blooded animals (except birds...body temps are TOO high) |
| What is the order of animals who are MOST susceptible to animals that are LEAST? | Foxes, coyotes, jackals, wolves, rodents - Skunks, bats, raccoons, rabbits, cattles, families Felidae and Viverridae - Domestic animals |
| How many diffent serotypes have been identified? How many cause Classica rabies? 6 Strains of 1 genotype have been found in the US: what are they? | 7 Genotypes. ONE Serotype. 2 skunk, artic and red fox, gray fox,dog/coyote, and raccoon strains |
| The virus is VERY liable when exposed to these two things: | UV light and heat |
| What are the main ways rabies can be spread? | Bite or scratch wound from an infected animal. Aerosol (if in a dark area). Corneal transplantation (in humans) |
| What animals accounts for most cases of CATTLE rabies and why? | SKUNKS because they excrete an enormous amount of virus in their saliva for 4-18 days |
| What is the bat's ability to transmit the virus based on? What types of bats can infect others? | Protracted clinical course rather than it's subclinical carrier state. Insectivorous bats, Vampire bats, and Fruit Eating bats |
| Explain the pathogenesis of Rabies. | Infection in striated muscle->enough virions build up to move to MOTOR OR SENSORY nerve endings->shed viruses bind to ACETYL CHOLINE RECEPTORS->virus moves CENTRIPETALLY to the CNS via the axoplasm |
| What two places can the virus replicate in, in the CNS and what is the difference? | LIMBIC SYSTEM-"furious form". NEOCORTEX-"Dumb" or "Paralytic" form |
| What happens after the virus replicates in the CNS? | virus move CENTRIFUGALLY down peripheral nerves->to the SALIVARY GLANDS via cranial nerves->extensive replication = high concentrations in the saliva |
| What is significant about the pathology of brain tissue? | minimal target damage but lethal neurologic dysfunction. NO FRANK CYTOPATHOLOGY AND LITTLE INFLAMMATORY CELL INFILTRATION |
| Is there a humoral or cell-mediated immune response detected? | NO because little viral antigen is released to stimulate these responses. NEURONS DO NOT EXPRESS MHC CLASS I PROTEINS. |
| What 4 things is the IP influenced by? | Dose, strain of virus, degree of innervation, and site of innoculation |
| How fast is intraaxonal movement? | 10-100mm per day |
| What is the Prodromal period? | period of virus shedding and change in temperament before obvious clinical disease is observed |
| What is the cause of death in this disease? | RESPIRATORY FAILURE |
| What 3 animals exhibit fury? | Dogs, Cats, and Horses |
| What is a good way to diagnose rabies? | Negri bodies in the thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, cerebelar cortex, and dorsal horns of the spinal cord. NOT ALL VIRUS_POSITIVE BRAINS SHOW NEGRI BODIES (75%) |
| When can you use antemortem diagnosis? | Only in Humans |
| How long does it take mice to develop encephalitis when inoculated with the virus? | 14 days |
| How can you control rabies in (1)Rabies-free countries and in (2)Endemic countries? | (1)Quarantine. (2)Vaccination |
| What is a quick way to diagnose rabies? | Direct FAT of medulla, cerebellum, and hippocampus |
| What does HRIG stand for? HDCV? RVA? | HRIG is what is injected into human post-exposure: Human Rabies Immune Globulin. Two Vaccines: Human Diploid Cell-Culture Vaccine and Rhesus Kidney Cell-Culture Adjuvanted Vaccine |
Created by:
lkollmeier
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