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Muscular & Nervous
Combined work of Muscular & Nervous systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why would bodily movement not occur without the nervous system ? | Muscles would not know what to do |
| Give an example of the neuromuscular system at work | lifting a weight |
| A single motor neuron and all the muscles fibres it activates is known as a what ? | A Motor unit |
| How many fibres can a single motor neuron activate ? | Thousands |
| when an impulse is sent down a motor neuron what happens to all the muscle fibres within that motor unit ? | they are activated |
| How many fibres does a motor unit activate | All or None - |
| which law states "a muscle fibre either contracts maximally or not at all" | The all or None law |
| if the frequency of nerve impulses to motor units increases what kind of exercise is taking place | Anaerobic - high-intensity short duration exercise |
| When are more motor units required (less muscle fibers) | Intricate movements (hands) playing an instrument |
| When are less motor units required (more muscle fibers) | Bigger movements (legs) Posture or walking etc |
| A motor unit is made up of one of two muscle types name them both | type 1 (slow twitch) or type 2 (fast twitch) |
| Tasks requiring" less" effort would recruit smaller neurons to control which muscle type | type 1 (slow twitch) |
| Tasks requiring "more" effort would recruit larger neurons to control which muscle type | type 2 (fast twitch) |
| Joint receptors, Muscle spindles & Golgi tendon organs are all kinds of what | Muscle sense organs |
| what do muscle sense organs form part of ? (ANS) | Autonomic nervous system |
| which muscle sense organ is found in the ligaments & joint capsule | Joint Receptors |
| which muscle sense organ is found in the muscle belly ? | Muscle spindles |
| which muscle sense organ is found in tendons (GTO) | Golgi tendon organ(s) "GTO's" |
| which muscle sense organ informs the brain how much tension a muscle is under | Golgi tendon organ(s) "GTO's" |
| which muscle sense organ informs the brain about the length of a muscle fibre (eg overstretch & damage prevention) | Muscle spindles |
| which muscle sense organ informs the brain joint position | Joint Receptors |
| What years are the period of most growth for all the bodys systems ? | The early years |
| In the bodys early years what pathways increase rapidly in number to develop motor skills etc eg movement | Neural pathways (motor connections) |
| In the bodys early years what muscles grow very quickly | Postural & stabilising muscles |
| In the bodys early years what influences the rate at which the neuromuscular system develops | Genetics & enviroment |
| From the age of 4 to 11 in "boys" body mass increases by what % | 42-54% |
| From the age of 5 to 13 in "girls" body mass increases by what % | 40-45% |
| Neuromuscular development is fairly similar in boys & girls up until what period | Puberty |
| At what period does Neuromuscular development change dramatically between boys & girls ? | During adolescence |
| The growth of muscle tissue is known as ? | Hypertrophy |
| Why is the growth of muscle tissue (Hypertrophy) increased quicker during adolescence in boys ? | Testosterone (Sex hormones) |
| Why is there an increase in fat tissue during adolescence in girls ? | Oestrogen (Sex hormones) |
| What does the sex hormone testosterone stimulate | Muscle growth |
| What does the sex hormone Oestrogen stimulate | An increase in fat in preparation for bearing children |
| At what age (not related to exercise) does the neuromuscular system, neural pathways & muscle growth halt ? | Around 25 |
| If continually challenged (via exercise) what system can carry on growing past our mid 20s | Neuromuscular system |
| What causes a decline in neurons, the motor system & muscle fibres | Ageing |
| at what age does the loss of neurons start | 30 |
| what % of cells can the cerebral cortex lose than in the prime of our live | 45% |
| what % of less can the brain weigh than in the prime of our live | 7% |
| Ageing hinders the relaying of nerve impulses to & from the brain, what does this slow down ? | processing of info & voluntary movement |
| Loss of muscle loss later in life is known as ? | Sarcopenia |
| During Sarcopenia (muscle loss) later in life what % roughly is loss each year | 1 to 2 % |
| Name some "Short Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system | Increased - Muscle temp, pliability, power output, nerve link to muscle, recruitment of muscle fibres |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system muscular wise ? | Increased - endurance, hypertrophy, strength |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system store wise ? | Increased - Glycogen & creatine phosphate in muscle |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system contractile protein wise ? | Increased - actin & myosin |
| What types of protein are actin & myosin | contractile proteins |
| what are contractile proteins eg myosin & actin | proteins involved in muscle contraction and movement |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system metabolic rate wise ? | increased basal metabolic rate |
| What is the term for the ability to burn calories at rest ? | increased basal metabolic rate |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system capillaries surround muscle fibre wise ? | size and number increased |
| What are capillaries ? | small blood vessels |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system neuromuscular connection wise ? | increased connections eg skill improvment & motor related fitness |
| Coordination, reaction time, agility, power & speed re know as what kind of fitness | motor related |
| "Long Term" effects of exercise on the neuromuscular system motor unit wise ? | increased motor units - leading to stronger force generation |
| Muscles contract & relax via messages received from what organ | the brain |
| Exercise can enhance neuromuscular connections by speeding up what | nerve impulses |
| the length of a muscle changing throughout a movement is known as what kind of contraction | isotonic |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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