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Spine

Spine & its structure

QuestionAnswer
Describe the spines vital role Muscle attachment for stability, movement & protection of the spinal cord
Where does the spinal cord send/receive messages the brain
How many natural curves does an adult spine have "4" ( 2 convex + 2 concave )
Name the 2 convex curves of the spine thoracic and sacral
Name the 2 concave curves of the spine lumbar and cervical
How many irregular bones make up the spine (vertebral column) 33 vertabrae
The spine has 5 regions, name them Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, coccyx
Cervical (neck) spine region - How many vertabrae 7 Vertabrae
Thoracic (upper back) spine region - How many vertabrae 12 Vertabrae
Lumbar (Lower Back) spine region - How many vertabrae 5 Vertabrae
Sacrum (glutes) spine region - How many vertabrae 5 (fused) Vertabrae
Coccyx (tail) spine region - How many vertabrae 4 (fused) Vertabrae
What movements does the cervical spine allow R+F/E + LFE This region allows large movements of ROTATION, FLEXION/EXTENSION and LATERAL FLEXION/EXTENSION
CERVICAL Spine Movement examples ROTATION shaking the head - FLEXION/EXTENSION nodding the head - LATERAL FLEXION/EXTENSION head to shoulders left/right
What movements does the THORACIC spine allow R+F/E + LFE same movements as the cervical vertebrae but in smaller ranges (upper thoracic bones are limited to FLEXION/EXTENSION)
What movements does the LUMBAR spine allow R+F/E + LFE same movements as the cervical and thoracic vertebrae but they are very limited
Which region of the spine contains the largest vertabrae & why The Lumbar region as they absorb the most shock through the spine.
Which 2 regions of the spine are fused together Sacrum & Coccyx and allow no movement
Neutral Spine Describe natural, gentle s-shaped spinal position that is formed when each spinal vertebrae is loaded one on top of the other without any uneven deformation of the intervertebral discs.
Why is the neutral spine good for exercise/daily activities ? Minimal risk of injury due to less stress on ligaments and vertabrae
Name some reasons for poor posture (deviation from neutral spine) "sustained sitting" eg driving/desk job - "habitual exercise" eg a golfer - "age related" eg osteoporosis - "medical" eg spina bifida
what effect does poor posture have on muscles brings about changes in length & strength of opposing muscles
what degree should thoracic & lumber curves be in neutral spine 20-45 degrees
a lateral deviation of over 10 degrees is know as ? scoliosis
Name the common postural abnormalities Hyperkyphosis - Hyperlordosis (Lordosis) - scoliosis
Hyperkyphosis (Hunched back) - describe Chest (pectorals) & upper back (upper trapezius) are short, middle back (rhomboids & lower traps) are lengthened giving a hunched back appearance
Hyperlordosis /Lordosis (Hollow back) - describe abs (rectus abdominis) & trunk stabilisers (transversus abdominis) are weaker & the back extensor muscles (erector spinae) are short & tight giving a hollow back
Scolosis - describe sideways curve in the spine, can even bend back the other way in forming an "S" shape
When can postural deviations occur in women during pregnancy - a growing babys weight can cause changes in the pelvic & abdominal areas
How could a lateral deviation (scolosis) occur after pregnancy constantly carrying the baby on her hip can cause the spine to deviate laterally
How could hyperlordosis occur after pregnancy constant holding/cradling of the baby
How can you tell when the body is correctly aligned in neutral posture for head, neck & shoulders ear lobe in line with the axis of the shoulder
How can you tell when the body is correctly aligned in neutral posture for the lower back, lumber spine, pelvis legs & abdomen when the shoulder axis is aligned with the greater trochanter (top of the femur)
Created by: LeeNelson
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