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Anatomy 10
exam 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| orbit | conical cavity in which the eye and ocular adnexa are housed |
| orbital margin | osseous margin formed by frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones w/ dorsolateral gap |
| what closes the dorsolateral gap of the orbit | orbital ligament |
| periorbita | sheath of connective tissue and smooth muscle that encloses the orbital contents |
| function of periorbita | 1.pushes the eye ball forward 2. 3rd eyelid downward |
| conjunctiva | richly vascular mucous membrane. |
| palpebral conjunctiva | lines inner surface of eyelids |
| nictitating membrane | concave fold of palpebral conjunctiva and cartilage protruding from medial angle of eye |
| bulbar conjunctiva | covers sclera of the eye |
| fornix | angle formed b/w palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva |
| conjunctival sac | potential cavity formed when eye is closed. |
| lacrimal apparatus | 1.lacrimal gland or gland of 3rd eyelid 2.conjunctival sac 3.superior and inferior lacrimal puncta 4.lacrimal canaliculi 5.lacrimal sac 6.nasolacrimal duct 7.nasal vestibule |
| cornea | transparent, anterior portion |
| sclera | opaque (white) posterior portion |
| limbus | corneoscleral junction |
| Bulbus Oculi: external fibrous coat | 1.cornea 2.sclera 3.limbus |
| Bulbus Oculi: middle vascular coat | 1.choroid 2.ciliary body 3.iris |
| choroid | posterior surface, lines internal surface of sclera |
| tapetum lucidum | reflective area in dorsal fundus |
| Ciliary body | thickened mound at limbus. suspends lens via zonular fibers from ciliary process |
| ciliary body produces | aqueous humor |
| iris | most anterior segment. regulates diameter of the pupil |
| aqueous humor production and resportion | 1.ciliary body 2.posterior chamber 3.pupil 4.anterior chamber 5.iridocorneal angle 6.scleral venous plexus |
| bulbus oculi: anterior chamber | b/w cornea and iris/pupil |
| bulbus oculi: posterior chamber | b/w iris/pupil and lens |
| bulbus oculi: vitreous chamber | posterior to lens. contains vitreous body |
| pathway for light | 1.cornea 2.anterior chamber 3.pupil 4.posterior chamber 5.lens 6.vitreous chamber 7.fundus |
| middle ear aka | tympanic cavity |
| vestivular window | dorsal, connects to vesibule, covered by footplate of the stapes |
| cochlear window | ventral, connects to cavity of cochlea, covered by secondary tympanic membrane |
| promontory | wall bulges over the cochlea |
| membranous labyrinth filled w/ | endolymph |
| bony labyrinth filled w/ | perilymph |
| membranous and osseous labyrinths function | receptors w/in each sense static position of head for balance |
| cochlear duct w/in cochlea function | receptors w/in for hearing |
| semicircular ducts w/in semicircular canals | receptors at right angles. sense movement of the head in any plane for balance |
| brachyont | short crown |
| crown | exposed portion, covered by enamel |
| root | below gumline, covered by cement |
| neck | where the crown and root meet |
| pulp cavity/ root canal | contains the soft tissues of the tooth (sensory and autonomic nerves, vessel). narrows w/age |
| apical foramen | narrow opening where the nerves/vessels enter/exit the roots |
| periodontal ligament | fibrous CT, anchors tooth into the alveolus |
| carnassial teeth | shearing teeth, more roots |
| mechanical papillae | filiform and conical |
| conical papillae | sharp end, face caudally |
| foliate papillae | leaf life, direct food caudally |
| Gustatory papillae | taste buds. fungiform, vallate, foliate |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | skeletal muscle, entirely w/in the tongue. local movement |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | skeletal muscle, extend from bone to tongue |
| parotid duct empties into | vestibule at caudal margin of superior 4th premolar |
| zygomatic ducts empties into | vestibule near last premolar |
| nasopharynx | from choanae to the palatopharyngeal arches |
| oropharynx | from the palatoglossal arches to the base of the epiglottis |
| laryngopharynx | dorsal to the larynx, from the palatopharyngeal arches to pharyngoesophageal limen |
| function of pharyngeal constrictor muscle | swallow |
| flehman response | phermone detection |
| paranasal sinuses | membrane lined, air-filled, diverticula of the nasal cavity. extend into the adjacent pneumatic bones |
| muscles that pill hyoid caudally | 1.sternohyoideus 2.sternothyroideus 3.thyrohyoideus |
| muscle that forms a sling under/supports the tongue | mylohyoideus |
| geniohyoideus | runs from mandibular symphysis to basihyoid. pulls hyoid apparatus rostrally |
| aryepiglottic fold | extends b/w cuneiform process of arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis |
| cricothyroid m.is innervated by what Nerve | cranial laryngeal nerve |
| cricothyroid m | tenses the vocal fold |
| cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m | opens glottis |
| common carotid artery | primary blood supply to head |
| what is w/in the carotid sheath | tracheal lymphatic trunk, inter jugular v, vagosympathetic trunk, sternocephalicus m., brachopcephalicus |
| parotid LN | located under the rostrodorsal border of the parotid salivary gland |
| parotid LN drains | superficial structures dorsal to the palate and the ear. eyelids, associated glands, TMJ |
| parotid LN efferents drain | medial retropharyngeal LN |
| Mandibular LN drains | superficial structures pf the face and intermandibular space |
| mandibular LN efferents drains | medial retropharyngeal LN |
| Lateral retropharyngeal LN drains | deep structures in vicinity |
| lateral retropharyngeal LN efferents drains | medial retropharyngeal LN |
| Medial retropharyngeal LN drains | Terminal LN of head. deep structures of the head. tongue, palatine tonsils, salivary glands, deep parts of external ear. |
| medial retropharyngeal LN efferents drains | tracheal lymphatic trunk |
| Trigeminal nerve divides into what nerves | 1.ophthalmic 2.maxillary 3.mandibular |
| opthalmic n. exits cr cavity via | orbital fissure |
| maxillary n. exits cr cavity via | round foramen. to alar canal and rostral alar foramen in dog |
| mandibular n. exits cr cavity via | oval foramen |
| opthalmic n function | sensory to and around eye. GSA |
| maxillary n function | sensory to and around superior arcade and lip as well as area near laterlal canthus. GSA |
| mandibular n function | sensory to and around inferior arcade, lip, and tongue. Touch, temp, pain to tongue. GSA. |
| facial n.: motor | muscles of facial expression and caudal belly of diagastricus. GSE |
| facial n.: taste | sensation from rostral 2/3 of tongue. SVA |
| facial n.: parasympathetic | GVE. fibers to lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands as well as the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands. |
| muscles of facial expression are innervated by what cranial nerve | 7 |
| canine adult dental formula | I3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M 2/3 x2 |
| canine puppy dental formula | I3/3, C1/1. P3/3 x2 |
| canine teeth that permanently erupt at 3-5mo | incisor 1 and 2 |
| canine teeth that permanently erupt at 4-5mo | incisor 3, premolar 1, premolar 4 |
| canine teeth that permanently erupt at 5-7mo | canine |
| canine teeth that permanently erupt at 5-6mo | premolar 2,3. molar 1,2 |
| canine teeth that permanently erupt at 6-7mo | molar 3 |
| canine have all adult teeth by what age | 7-8mo |
| feline adult dental formula | I 3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1x2 |
| feline kitten dental formula | I 3/3 C1/1 P3/2x2 |
| P4 canine roots | 3 top, 2 bottom |
| M1 and M2 canine roots | 3 top, 2 bottom |
| M 3 canine roots | 0 top, 1 bottom |
| P3 feline roots | 2 top, 2 bottom |
| P3 feline roots | 3 top, 2 bottom |
| M1 feline roots | 2 top, 2 bottom |
| Mandibular gland drain where | mucus and serous fluid. drains at floor of mouth at frenulum of tongue |
| Sublingual: monostomatic drains where | drain at mandibular duct |
| sublingular: polystomatic drains where | drains at frenulum of tongue |
| muscles that aid in swallowing | 1. hyopharyngeus 2.thyropharyngeus 3.cricopharyngeus |
| incisive papilla | transmits odor and scents up to vomeronasal organ |
| muscles that pull hyoid apparatus caudally | 1.sternohyoideus 2.sternothyroideus 3.thyrohyoideus |
| muscle that forms a sling under/supports the tongue | mylohyoideus |
| muscle that pulls hyoid aparatus rostrally | geniohyoideus |
| cricothyroid m | tenses the vocal fold |
| what nerve innervates the cricothyroid | cr. laryngeal n. |
| muscles that close the glottis | arytenoideus transversus m cricoarytenoideus lateralis m thyroarytenoideus m |
| muscles that close the glottis are innervated by what n | cd. laryngeal n. |
| olfactory nerve runs transverse to what | cribiform foramina of the ethmoid bone |
| where are the cell bodies for olfactory nerve | olfactory epithelium. capable of regeneration |
| axons of the cranial nerve go where | olfactory bulb (telencephalon) |
| optic nerve is surrounded by what muslce | retractor bulbi m. |
| optic nerve exits the skull via | optic canal |
| vision pathway | 1. retina 2. optic nerve 3.optic chiasm 4.optic tract 5.later geniculate nucleus 6.optic radiation to occipital lobe |
| oculomotor nerve exits skull via | orbital fissure |
| pre g. parasym from the oculomotor nerve synapse w/in | ciliary ganglion. |
| post g. parasym from the oculomotor nerve supply | ciliary and iris sphincter muscles |
| clinical signs of oculomotor dysfunction | ventrolateral strabismus, ptosis of superior eyelid and mydriasis |
| pathway of pupillary light reflex | 1.retina 2.optic nerve 3.optic chiasm 4.optic tract 5.pretectal nuclei (caudal commissure) 6. para.sym nucleus of CNIII 7.Ciliary ganglion 8.iris sphincter m. |
| pupil contraction pathway | para sym. thoraco lumbar T1-L5 |
| pupil dialation pathway | sympathetic |
| trochlear nerve exits skull via | orbital fissure. ONLY cr.n. to ori from dorsal aspect of brain |
| clinical signs of trochlear nerve dysfunction | extorsion of eye |
| abducent nerve exits skulls via | orbital fissure |
| clinical signs of abducent nerve dysfunction | media strabismus |
| vestibulocochlear nerve exits the cranial cavity via | internal acoustic meatus |
| where does the vestivulocochlear nerve terminate | membranous labyrinth of inner ear |
| glossopharyngeal/ vagus nerve exits the cranial cavity via | jugular foramen |
| glossopharyngeal/vagus nerve exits the skull via | tympano-occipital fissure |
| location of proximal ganglion of vagus nerve | jugular foramen |
| location of distal ganglion of vagus nerve | caudal to the cranial cervical ganglion |
| para. sym of vagus nerve. location | heart and smooth m., glands of digestive, respiratory |
| sensory fibers of vagus n. location | digestive and respiratory. external auditory canal (auricular br) |
| motor fibers of vagus n. location | pharynx, larynx |
| taste fibers of vagus n. location | pharynx |
| accessory n. enters skull via | foramen magnum |
| accessory n. exits skull via | tympano occipital fissure |
| accessory n. exits cranial cavity via | jugular foramen |
| accessory n. is motor innervation to what | sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius. SOLE innervation to trapezius |
| hypoglossal n. exits cranial cavity via | hypoglossal canal |
| hypoglossal n. travels w/ what artery | lingual |
| conus medullaris | narrow caudal end of the parenchyma of spinal cord |
| cauda equine | sacral and caudal spinal roots stream caudally to exit at respective intervertebral foramina. Name for collective roots |
| what two places of the spinal cord are extra thick | 1. cervical intumescence 2.lumbar intumescence |
| cervical intumescense location | C6-T2 |
| Lumbar intumescense location | L4-S3 |
| meninges | covering of the brain and spinal cord |
| leptomeninges | arachnoid and pia mater |
| epidural space | dura mater and periosteum are separated, leaving a fat filled epidural space, deep to the yellow ligament |
| falx cerebri | extends into longitudinal cerebral fissure |
| what does the falx cerebri contain | dorsal sagittal sinus |
| tentorium cerebelli | extends into transverse cerebral fissure |
| arachnoid | lines deep surface of dura mater/ |
| arachnoid trabeculae | transverse subarachnoid space |
| what does the arachnoid trabeculae contain | cerebrospinal fluid |
| pia mater | attaches to the surface of the CNS. |
| where does the pia mater extend to | sulci, fissures, crevices, etc |
| denticulate ligaments | thickened logitudinal cord of pia on lateral margin of spinal cord. suspend spinal cord |
| deticulate ligaments attach to what | dura and arachnoid. |
| filum terminale | narrow cord of meninges that attaches nonus medullaris to cerebral vert. |
| choroid plexus | compact mass of pia, capillaries, ependymal epithelium. present in each ventricle |
| what does the choroid plexus produce | cerebral spinal fluid |
| CSF flow | 1. choroid plexus 2.lateral ventricle 3.interventricular foramen 4.3rd ventricle 5. mesencephalic aqueduct 6.4th ventricle 7.lateral apertures or central canal 8.subarachnoid space 9. arachnoid villi 10. venous sinus |
| cranial venous sinuses empty into | maxillary v, internal jugular v., vertebral v., ventral internal vertebral venous plexus |
| C1-C5 | cranial to brachial plexus, caudal to brain |
| C6-T2 | Majority of brachial plexus |
| T3-L3 | b/w brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus |
| L4-S3 | Majority of lumbosacral plexus ori |
| CD1-CD5 | caudal to lumbosacral plexus |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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