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physiology 9
exam 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bipolar neurons | primary sensory neuron, present in most special sensory pathways. |
| Bipolar neurons are located where | all are in the head. |
| where are cell bodies for bipolar neurons located: taste, hearing, vestibular function | peripheral ganglion. w/in head structures |
| where are cell bodies for bipolar neurons located: vision | retina. no ganglion |
| primary sensory neuron | if a sense organ is present, the bipolar neuron the cell body contacts |
| pseudo-unipolar neuron | most common peripheral primary sensory neuron. one axon that bifurcates |
| pseudo-unipolar neuron cell bodies found | in dorsal root (spinal) ganglion. sensory ganglia of some cranial nerves |
| pseudo-unipolar neuron functions | proprioception, touch, pain, temp, pressure, chemical irritants |
| the cerebral cortex | receives and processes most somatic senses. plans and initiates conscious voluntary movements |
| basal nuclei location | deep w/in the cerebral hemispheres and close to midline. |
| basal nuclei has many connections with what | UMN centers. |
| basal nuclei function | orchestrate and assemble more complex motor tasks |
| pyramidal tracts | corticospinal tracts |
| extrapyramidal tracts | all motor tracts from brain to SC. sensing what you aren't aware of but body is |
| diencephalon is composed of what brain regions | thalamus and hypothalamus |
| diencephalon | rostral brainstem |
| medulla | contain reflex centers |
| pons contains what cranial nerves | V, VI, VII, VIII |
| Midbrain | certain cranial nerve reflexes |
| cerebellum grey matter | receives and processes proprioceptive, motor, and vestibular signals. |
| the cerebellum outputs to where | UMN centers |
| cerebellum | coordinates movements, adjusts tone, and helps maintain balance |
| grey matter | interneurons and motor neurons |
| white matter | three funiculi. traxts-axon bundles |
| funiculi | contain ascending sensory and descending UMN tracts |
| chemical synapses | NT or "Ligand" released by "pre-synaptic" cell. unidirectional. |
| ionotropic receptors | directly induces the opening of an ion channel that is associated w/ that receptor |
| Metabotropic receptors | NT binds a receptor that is coupled w/ a protein |
| Acetylcholine | PNS. excitatory. Neuromuscular junction. Autonomic ganglia. |
| Glutamate | CNS. excitatory. AMPA receptor dominates. NMDA receptor secondary |
| Glycine | CNS. inhibitory |
| GABA | CNS. inhibitory |
| Norepinephrine a1 receptor | increased contraction of smooth muscle. |
| Norepinephrine a2 receptor | decrease NE release pre-synaptically in both CNS and PNS. |
| Norepinephrine B1 and B2 receptor | increase cAMP mediated IC events. either excitatory or inhibitory |
| NT categories | 1.Acetylcholine 2.Biogenic amines 3.amino acids 4.neuropeptides |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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