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physiology
exam 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| preload | how full is cardiovascular system w/blood. affected via dehydration and trauma. amount of blood in heart before it contracts. |
| afterload | how hard it is for heart to eject blood. once filled it is easy or hard to contract. resistance to ejection |
| contactality | force/tension. force and velocity |
| elastance | stiffness of something you stretch. relationship b/w volume and pressure |
| what did William Harvey discover | blood moved around a circuit |
| vascular capacitance | volume/pressure |
| relationship between area and velocity | as area increases velocity decreases with constant flow |
| cardiac output | (mean arterial pressure- right atrial pressure)/ total peripheral resistance |
| pressure relationship in arteries and veins | low in vein, high in arteries. Therefore blood flows from arteries to veins. |
| ejection fraction amount | 50-60% |
| resistance in series | increases b/c additive effect |
| resistance in parallel | decreases |
| when does a murmur occur | when flow is too high and creates turbulance. loudness does not determine severity. |
| why do capillaries have the largest SA but low blood volume | they are so small. small proportion overall exchange takes place in them. |
| stressed volume | the amount of blood that determines vascular filling pressure. 20-25% of the total blood volume |
| unstressed volume | large reservoir of available blood that can be recruited to maintain vascular filling pressure |
| alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors | activate smooth muscle. cause vasoconstriction. transfer blood volume to arterioles from veins. blood must have gone through lungs. 8-15ml/kg transfusion rate. |
| normal mean pressure mm Hg in aorta | 80-100. |
| what happens if mean pressure mm HG in aorta is less than 60 | potential for some organs to not be adequately profused. gut and kidney deprived first. |
| is pressure lower in right or left atrium | right atrium |
| pulse pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. |
| phase 4 | resting membrane potential via Na/K ATPase pump |
| phase 1 | when hit threshold potential, change mem enough, Na enter rapidly via voltage gated channels. cell more and more pos. when too pos, cl and k channel open. move neg. |
| phase 2 | plateau phase. still pos, Ca enters cell with Na via L type Ca channel. |
| phase 3 | more neg with K leaving cell. repolarization. |
| examples of latent pacemakers in heart | 1. AV node 2. Bundle of His 3. Purkinje fibers |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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