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Chapter 3
Infection Control. Safety, First Aid, and Personal Wellness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reservoir Host | cannot become susceptible host ; an individual or animal infected with a pathogenic microbe |
| Susceptible Host | can become reservoir host; someone with decreased ability to resist infection |
| nosocomial infection | infections acquired in a hospital generally within the first 48 hrs |
| Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) | acquired during healthcare delivery; infection associated with a healthcare facility |
| 6 Isolation | Strict, Contact, Acid Fast Bacili, Respiratory, Enteric, Dranage/Secretion |
| DON | gown, mask, gloves |
| DOF | gloves, mask, gown |
| Universal Precaution | treating everything and everyone as infectious |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | gloves, gowns, masks, close toe shoes/nonporous, mouth/nose protection |
| Chain of infection | a series of components or events that lead to an infection: 1) infectious agent 2) reservoir 3) Exit Pathway 4) means of transmission 5) entry pathway 6)susceptible host |
| biohazard | anything harmful or potentially harmful to health |
| engineering controls | devices that isolate or remove a workplace BBP hazard |
| Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) | contains general precautionary and emergency information for a hazardous product |
| Center for Disease Control (CDC) | Federal Agency charged with the investigation and control of certain diseases |
| Environmental Protection Program (EPA) | Federal Agency that regulates the disposal of hazardous waste |
| Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) | Federal Organization tat advises the CDC on nosocomial infection prevention guidelines |
| fomites | inanimate objects that can harbor material containing infectious agents |
| Hazard Communication Standards (HazCom) | OSHA standards requiring employees to maintain documentation on hazardous chemicals |
| infectious/ causative agent | pathogen responsible for causing an infection |
| isolation procedures | procedures that separate patients with certain transmissible infections from others |
| immune | protected from or resistant to a particular disease or infection |
| Blood Borne Pathogen | term applied to infectious microorganisms in blood and other body fluids |
| parenteral | any route other than the digestive tract |
| pathogenic | capable of causing disease |
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) | federal agency that recommends ways to prevent work-related injury |
| neutropenic | abnormally low neutrophil count |
| work practice controls | practice that alter how tasks are performed to reduce the likelihood of BBP exposure |
| transmission based precautions | precautions that reduce the risk of airborne. droplet, or contact transmission |
| Standard Precautions | precautions to be used in caring for all patients |
| reverse isolation | protects a patient who is highly susceptible to infection |
| reservoir | source of an infectious microorganism |
| permucosal | through mucous membranes |
| percutaneous | through the skin |
| vector transmission | transmission of an infectious agent by insect, arthropod, animal |
| vehicle transmission | transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood |
| droplet | transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or conjunctiva of the eyes |
| airborne | sneezing, coughing, talking, and activities that produce aerosols; can remain suspended in the air or in dust particles |
| direct contact | physical transfer; close or intimate contact such as touching or kissing |
| indirect contact | touch of contaminated objects such as bed linens, clothing, dressings, and eating utensils |
| Class A | wood or paper; cool with water or water based solution |
| Class B | flammable liquid; block oxygen source or smother |
| Class C | electrical equipment; extinguish with non-conducting agent |
| Class D | combustible metals; extinguish with dry powder agent or sand |
| Class K | cooking oils; cool and smother with splash prevention |
Created by:
LaraPacis
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