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Alphaherpesvirinae
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
There are two subtypes of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). What are they? | 1.1 - respiratory; 1.2 - genital subtype |
How is BHV 1.1 transmitted? | ocular and nasal secretions |
How is BHV 1.2 transmitted? | coitus and possibly artificial insemination |
How does viral spread occur? | Mononuclear cell-associated viremia |
Latent infections are potential sources for new outbreaks. So what? | All seropositive animals are considered potential carriers. |
How is the latent form reactivated? | injections of corticosteroids or by various stresses |
Where are the sites of latency for the two different serotypes of the virus? | Respiratory - Tigeminal Nerve; Genital - Sciatic Nerve |
Who shows the respiratory diease most often? | feedlot cattle |
Morbidity vs. mortality | HIGH (100%) vs. low (>10%) |
What are some signs? | Salivation, difficulty swallowing, necrotic rhinitis, dust pneumonia, diffuse hemorrhages and erosions in muzzle (red nose), necrosis of larynx |
When death occurs, what is inovlved? | secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia |
What can occur as the PRIMARY clinical feature in some infections? | Conjunctivitis |
What can occur with respiratory disease? | ABORTION...can occur regardless of the severity of the disease |
What is so dangerous about a generalized disease of neonatal calves (infected in utero or early after birth)? | FATAL because babies cannot regulate body temperature so the virus multiplies throughout..the body temperature is low |
What clinical signs are seen in the genital disease? | NO ABORTIONS. Cows - Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis and in Bulls - Infectious balanoposthitis |
What is seen with Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis? (IPV) | bright red vaginal mucosa with many small pustules that can form a fibrinous pseudomembrane |
What type of vaccines are the best and why? | Intranasal vaccines because IM can cause abortion in pregnant cows |