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Foetal development
304.4 Vet nursing Stages of foetal development and hormonal controls
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 ways the reproductive cycle of patients can be controlled | Surgical and medical |
| Correct name for the surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus | Ovariohysterectomy |
| 6 advantages of spaying | No unwanted litters, No pyometra, Less likely to run away, Reduce risk of cancer, No seasons, No false pregnancies |
| 5 disadvantages of spaying | Bladder problems, Pain/discomfort, No hormones if done too early, Weight gain, Changes in coat colour and texture after clip |
| What can be used to postpone oestrus in queens and bitches? | Progestogen |
| What are progestogens? | Synthetic progesterone which mimics pregnancy hormones |
| Disadvantage of using progestogens? | Can increase the risk of pyometra |
| What can be used to induce oestrus in bitches? | Prolactin inhibitors (galastop) |
| What else can galastop be used for? | Stop false pregnancies |
| Technical term for unwanted pregnancies? | Misalliance |
| What can be used to terminate unwanted pregnancies? | Progesterone receptor antagonists (Alizin) or therapy using oestrogen (Mesalin) |
| What does seasonally polyoestrus mean? | Come into season many times at only one time of year |
| Why might cats be seasonally polyoestrus? | So the kittens can be born when the weather starts to get warmer and there is plenty of food. |
| What causes seasonally polyoestrus animals to start their oestrus cycle | Increasing photoperiod and temperature |
| How frequently do cats come into season during the spring and summer | every 3 weeks |
| Time between fertilisation and birth | Gestation period |
| How long is the gestation period in dogs and cats | 58-63/64 days |
| How long is the gestation period in rabbits | 31-33 days |
| Male or female reproductive cell | gamete |
| fertilised egg cell | zygote |
| Product of conception at any stage of development | Conceptus |
| What age is the conceptus called an embryo? | Conception to 35 days |
| What age is the conceptus called an foetus? | 36 days to birth |
| What age is the conceptus called an neonate? | birth to 2 weeks |
| 4 steps of ovulation | Follicle matures, Follicle ruptures, Corpus luteum formation, Corpus luteum degrades (no pregnancy) |
| What is an induced ovulator? | Ovulation is not spontaneous but is induced by coitus |
| What hormone causes the follicle to mature? | Follicle stimulating hormone |
| What hormone causes the follicle to rupture? | Leutenising hormone |
| What hormone maintains the pregnancy? | Progesterone |
| What structure releases progesterone in the ovary? | Corpus luteum |
| At what stage does the bitch drip blood from the vulva? | Pre-oestrus (mature follicle) |
| At what stage is the bitch "on heat"? | When the follicle ruptures |
| Inner layer of the ovum | Zona pellucida |
| What is the zona pellucida made from? | Glycoprotein |
| Outer layer of the ovum | corona radiata |
| What is the corona radiata made from? | small follicular cells |
| Where are the ova fertilised? | Oviduct |
| Other name for the oviduct? | Fallopian tube |
| How long can sperm last in the fallopian tube? | 7 days |
| How long after fertilisation does implantation occur in dogs? | 14-20 days |
| How long after fertilisation does implantation occur in cats? | 11-16 days |
| Which animals have diffuse placentas? | Horses and pigs |
| Which animals have cotyledonary placentas? | Ruminanats |
| Which animals have zonary placentas? | Cats, dogs, most carnivores and elephants |
| Which animals have discoid placentas? | Primates and rodents |
| Where is relaxin produced during pregnancy? | Placenta |
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18000305
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