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Nervous Sytem
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholinesterase: | an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown or causes rapid hydrolysis of acetylcholine to remove that neurotransmitter from receptors; action of acetylcholinesterase serves to stop excitation of a nerve after transmission of an impulse |
| Affarent | sensory nerves that carry external stimuli information from the periphery to the central nervous system |
| the use of a stethoscope to listen to internal structures (e.g., lungs, heart and gastrointestinal tract) | |
| Axon: | a specialized cell membrane within a neuron that conducts electrical impulses; each neuron has one axon; a long fiber of a neuron that acts somewhat like a fiber-optic cable to carry outgoing or efferent messages |
| Brainstem: | connects the brain to the spinal cord |
| Central nervous system: | the brain and spinal cord together |
| Cerebellum: | the part of the brain that coordinates all movement, muscle activity and balance |
| Cerebrum: | largest part of the brain composed of four lobes that receive and store information |
| Congenital: | born with; existing at or dating from birth; a descriptive term for a disease or condition that is present at birth |
| Constriction: | narrowing; a normally or pathologically contracted or narrowed portion of a structure; the act or process of binding or contracting; the condition of being squeezed; a subjective sensation of pressure or tightness |
| Coupage: | the hitting of the chest wall to loosen respiratory secretions to aid in their removal by coughing; a physical therapy technique that helps to loosen respiratory discharges so that secretions can be eliminated from the respiratory tract |
| Dendrites: | branchlike extensions that receive information from receptors or oncoming impulses from other neurons; short branched extensions of nerve cells, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body |
| Dysphagia: | difficulty swallowing |
| Efferent: | motor nerves that carry impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands in the periphery of the body |
| Forebrain: | advance portion of the brain that contains the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Gray matter: | darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, composed primarily of neuron cell bodies and dendrites |
| Hindbrain: | most primitive part of the brain that contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata |
| Hypothalamus: | brain portion that serves as a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system; the activity of the pituitary gland to control body temperature, thirst, hunger and other homeostatic systems; involved in sleep and emotional activity |
| Lateral canthus: | junction of the upper and lower eyelids on the lateral side of the eye |
| Medial canthus: | junction of the upper and lower eyelids on the medial side of the eye |
| Medulla oblongata: | part of the brain that dictates multiple life functions; the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs |
| Megaesophagus: | the dilation of the esophagus; a generalized enlargement of the esophagus with a decreased-to-absent motility, which is required for moving food and liquid down to the stomach; seen more often in dogs than in cats |
| Midbrain: | connection of the forebrain to the hindbrain |
| Modulation: | the complex response of the central nervous system to a stimulus |
| Myelin sheath: | a protective insulating sheath or covering of the axon that allows very rapid transmission of nerve impulses |
| Nerves: | bundles of axons that convey messages between the central nervous system and other parts of the body |
| Neuron: | a nerve cell; a specialized cell that receives, processes and conducts electrical impulses from one part of the body to another |
| Neuropathology: | the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies |
| Neurotransmitters: | chemicals that carry the nerve impulse from the axon to another nerve, muscle or gland. Examples include acetylcholine and norepinephrine. |
| Nystagmus: | abnormal horizontal, vertical or rotary movement of the eyes |
| Palpebral: | associated with the eyelid; of, relating to, or located on or near the eyelids |
| Pathology: | the science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for |
Created by:
gina.baker
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