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Tissue and fluids
302.3 Vet nursing Basic Tissue Types and Body Fluids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A collection of cells and their products in which one type of cell predominates | Tissue |
| A collection of tissues forming a structure within an animal | Organ |
| A collection of organs and tissues related by function | System |
| Tissue type which protects the body | Epithelium |
| Tissue type which binds the tissues together | Connective |
| Tissue type which brings about movement | Muscle |
| Tissue type which conveys nerve impulses | Nervous |
| 4 Functions of epithelial tissue | Protection, Transport, Lining/Absorption, Secretion |
| 5 types of epithelium tissue | Simple, Ciliated, Stratified, Transitional and Glands |
| Epithelium that is only one cell thick. May be squamous, cuboidal or columnar. | Simple epithelium |
| Simple epithelium where the cells are square or cube shaped. Lines glands and ducts. (examples) | Simple cuboidal epithelium (renal tubules) |
| Simple epithelium where the cells are flattened. Lines surfaces that need to be easily permeable. (examples) | Simple squamous epithelium (capillaries + alveoli) |
| Simple epithelium where the cells are column shaped. Lines organs with secretion or absorptive functions. (examples) | Simple columnar epithelium (intestines) |
| Epithelium that is covered in small hair-like projections. (examples) | Ciliated epithelium (bronchi + fallopian tubes) |
| Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of cells. (examples) | Stratified epithelium (epidermis of the skin) |
| Epithelium that can change its shaped according to circumstances. (examples) | Transitional epithelium (bladder, ureters + larger blood vessels) |
| Modified epithelial cells that produce and secrete a substance. (milk, sweat and hormones) | Glands |
| What is an unicellular gland? | Individual secretory cells interspersed throughout the tissue (goblet cell) |
| What is a multicellular gland? | Many secretory cells folded to form more complex glands. (sweat glands, mammary) |
| What is an exocrine gland? | Has a system of ducts through which the products are transported directly to the site where they are needed. (Pancreas, sweat,tears) |
| What is an endocrine gland? | Their secretions (known as hormones) are carried by the blood to their target organ. |
| 7 types of connective tissue. | Blood, Haemopoetic, Areolar (loose), Adipose (fatty), Fibrous (dense), Cartilige, Bone |
| The jelly like connective tissue that forms bone marrow within the long bones and responsible for formation of blood cells. | Haemopoetic connective tissue |
| Connective tissue of many cells in a loose irregular network of collagen and elastic fibers. Subcut layer of skin, between organs and around blood vessels and nerves. | Areolar connective tissue (loose connective tissue) |
| Connective tissue which is similar to areolar tissue but contains mainly fat-filled cells closely packed together. | Adipose connective tissue (Fatty connective tissue) |
| Connective tissue made of mainly collagen and elastic fibers. Can be regular or irregular. | Fibrous connective tissue (Dense connective tissue) |
| Where will you find dense regular connective tissue? | Forms ligaments and tendons. |
| Where will you find dense irregular connective tissue? | Forms joint capsules, sheaths surrounding muscle tissue, covers liver and spleen and dermis of skin. |
| A supporting connective tissue that is rigid but flexible. Made of chondrocytes and fibers in a gel like substance. | Cartilage |
| 3 types of cartilage? | Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage |
| Where is hyaline cartilage found? | Articular surface of joints, nose, larynx, trachea and bronchi. Also embryo skeleton before ossification. |
| Where is elastic cartilage found? | External ear and epiglottis. Places where flexibility is needed. |
| Where is fibrocartilage found? | Intervertabral discs and menisci of stifle joint. Attaches tendons and ligaments to bone. |
| Bone cells | Osteocytes |
| Spaces in which bone cells are trapped | Lacunae |
| Extracellular matrix of the bone is made from? | Osteonectin and collagen fibers |
| Name for the extracellular matrix in the bone | Osteoid |
| Fine channels that run though the osteoid, carrying blood vessels and nerves | Haversian canals |
| Cylinders of matrix material surrounding the Haversian canals in bones | Lamellae |
| Fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of all bone types | Periosteum |
| Outer layer or cortex of all bone types. Solid and hard. | Compact bone |
| Ends of long bones and core of short, irregular and flat bones | Spongy bone (cancellous) |
| 3 types of muscle in the body | Skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| Muscle attached to the skeleton that brings about movement and the only muscle which is under voluntary control | Skeletal muscle (striated) |
| Muscle controlled by the autonomic nervous system | Smooth muscle |
| Muscle only found in the heart. Mix of striated and cylindrical muscle shapes. | Cardiac muscle |
| Muscle is made up of bundles of? | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils are made of? | Actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments |
| Body fluid found inside the cells. 40% of body weight | Intracellular fluid (cytoplasm) |
| Body fluid found outside the cells. 20% of body weight | Extracellular fluid (plasma, lymph, CSF and interstitial) |
| Normal pH of the body and its fluids | 7.35 |
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