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parasitequiz6
lungworms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location: Trachea, bronchi & bronchioles | PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| Hosts: Sheep (including bighorn sheep), goats & deer | PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| L1’s have a pointed tail | PROTOSTRONGYLUS |
| ADULTS LOCATED IN THE LUNG PARENCHYMA | MUELLERIUS |
| HOSTS: SHEEP, GOATS & WILD RUMINANTS | MUELLERIUS |
| LARVAE HAVE A DORSAL SPINE | MUELLERIUS |
| Protostrongylus reported in bighorn sheep | Transplacental transmission |
| Intermediate hosts are snails or slugs | Intermediate hosts are snails or slugs |
| Nodule (adenoma-like) proliferation of the bronchial epithelium has been associated with | MUELLERIUS |
| Meningeal Worm | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Common and non-pathogenic in white-tailed deer | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Abnormal hosts: Any other ruminant (rarely reported in domestic/wild cattle) | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| 1912: first recognized in moose in the north central US (“moose sickness”) | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Adults reside in the subdural space and venous sinuses beneath the meninges of the brain and spinal cord | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| CSF tap (eosinophilia is a more consistent finding in llama & alpaca) | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Elevated total protein, creatine kinase, plasma fibrinogen and RBC’s in the CSF | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Histopathology (larvae in spinal cord) | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| ELISA (white tailed deer, elk and goats) using L3 excretory-secretory antigens | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Larvae will ONLY be found in the feces of white-tailed deer | Parelaphostrongylus tenuis |
| Lungworm of Swine | METASTRONGYLUS |
| IH - earthworms | METASTRONGYLUS |
| Adults in bronchi and bronchioles | METASTRONGYLUS |
| Migrating larvae cause verminous pneumonia | METASTRONGYLUS |
| Diagnosis – embryonated, thick-shelled eggs, L1 have blunt tail | METASTRONGYLUS |
| METASTRONGYLUS | |
| Life cycle: direct, no IH | Dictyocaulus |
| Adults reside in the trachea, bronchi & bronchioles | Dictyocaulus |
| Pathogenesis – verminous pneumonia | Dictyocaulus |
| Diagnosis – adults at necropsy, eggs/larvae in feces, Baermann technique | Dictyocaulus |
| Control – sanitation, irrigation, pasture rotations, improve nutrition and deworming program | Dictyocaulus |
| Dictyocaulus | |
| Unembryonated eggs deposited in the lungs → L1’s develop within the host | Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| L3’s develop in the feces ~ 5-7 days (pointed tail; rarely seen in horses | Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Patency occurs in donkeys & mules | Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Arrested larval development in horses & pathogenic in horses | Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| Don’t pasture horses with mules | Dictyocaulus arnfieldi |
| most important lungworm in calves, only nematode that reaches maturity in lungs of cattle | D. viviparus |
| Feces-inhabiting fungus (Pilobulus) disseminates larvae by propelling spores & L3’s - ingested by DH | D. viviparus |
| (in the southeast areas of Europe) | D. filaria |
| (in the northeastern areas of Europe) | D. viviparus |
| Small Animal Lungworms | Filaroides = Oslerus |
| U.S., Europe & Canada | Filaroides = Oslerus |
| L1 (“S” shaped or pointed tail w/kink or bent tail) (PAVE, 2007) | Filaroides = Oslerus |
| L1’s are directly infective to puppies | Filaroides = Oslerus |
| Adults form nodules in the trachea and bronchi of canids (wild & domestic | Filaroides = Oslerus |
| Does not usually cause clinical disease (unless given prednisone & a secondary bacterial infection develops). | F. hirthi |
| Usually a subclinical infection | F. hirthi |
| May cause a focal granulomatous reaction that may resemble drug-induced and neoplastic lesions | F. hirthi |
| Verminous Pneumonia | F. hirthi |
| All 5 molts are completed in the lung tissue of the dog | Filaroides species |
| Auto-infection is common | Filaroides species |
| Severity of disease correlates with the species | F. osleri vs. F. hirthi |
| Ivermectin, fenbendazole | Filaroides species |
| Nodules may reduce in size, but not resolve completely | F. osleri |
| Found in many parts of the world (US, Europe, Australia & Brazil) | Aelurostrongylus |
| Cat Lungworm | Aelurostrongylus |
| Females deposit eggs in “nests” in lung parenchyma | Aelurostrongylus |
| Tail resembles Muellerius with dorsal spine | Aelurostrongylus |
| Cats become infected by eating molluscs or paratenic host (frog or lizard which eat snails/slugs) | Aelurostrongylus |
| small, grayish-white sub-pleural nodules | Aelurostrongylus |
| Coughing, dyspnea, weight loss, bronchopneumonia | Aelurostrongylus |
Created by:
alljacks
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