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Clincial Pathology I
Cestodes and Trematodes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific name of the flea tapeworm? | Dipylidium caninum |
| Where are Dipylidium caninum found within the body? | small intestine of dogs and cats |
| What is the IH of Dipylidium caninum? | ctenocephalides felis--cat flea |
| Is Dipylidium caninum zoonotic? | yes by ingestion of the infected flea |
| What does Dipylidium caninum look like on a fecal? | packet of eggs |
| How are cats and dogs infected with Dipylidium caninum? | ingestion of IH flea |
| What is the "Taenia spp." cestode that is found in cats? | Taenia taeniaeformis |
| Which "Taenia spp." cestode is found in dogs? | Taenia pisiformis |
| Where do the Taenia spp. live in dogs and cats? | Small intestines |
| How are the dog and the cat infected with Taenia spp.? | ingestion of the immature metacestode stage within the tissues of prey animals |
| How are Dipylidium caninum diagnosed? | 1) owner sees rice like pieces in animals hair around rectum 2) I.D. of egg packets on a fecal flotation 3) owner sees segments in stool sample |
| How are Taenia taeniaeformis and Taenia pisiformis diagnosed? | 1) fecal flotation 2) owner sees segments in stool sample 3) owner sees rice like pieces in animals hair around rectum |
| What is the IH for Taenia taeniaeformis? | small rodent |
| What is the IH for Taenia pisiformis? | rabbit |
| True or False: Taenia ova and Echinococcus ova are easily differentiated. | False! They are morphologically identical! |
| Is Echinococcus zoonotic? | Heck Yes!!! |
| What is the common name for Echinococcus? | fox tapeworm |
| What is the location of Echinococcus within the dog or cat? | small intestine |
| How do the dog and cat become infected with Echinococcus? | When they kill an animal and ingest the metacestodes which are in their tissues. |
| Can Echinococcus adults be seen on a fresh stool sample? | NO!! They are too small. |
| What drug usually will treat most cestodes? | praziquantel |
| What inactivates Echinococcus ova? | freezing or heating |
| What are the most common clinical signs seen in dogs with Echinococcus? | abdominal distension, lethargy, and nonspecific GI signs. |
| The Broad fish tapeworm is also called what? | Diphyllobothrium latum |
| Where is Diphyllobothrium latum found within the dog and cat? | small intestines |
| How are dogs and cats infected with Diphylobothrium latum? | by ingestion of fish infected with the infective stage in their tissues |
| What fecal technique is best to use when trying to find Diphyllobothrium latum? | sedimentation |
| Is Diphyllobothrium latum zoonotic? | Yes it can be. Humans infected may develop vitamin B12 deficiency. |
| What is another cestode that greatly resembles Diphyllobothrium latum ova? | Spirometra |
| What is the common name for Spirometra? | Zipper tapeworm |
| Where is Spirometra found within the dog and cat? | small intestines |
| How are dogs and cats infected with Spirometra? | ingestion of frogs, snakes, rodents, or birds that contain the plerocercoids |
| What is the life cycle of Spirometra? | Host ingests frog, snake, rodent or bird that is infected with plerocercoids, 2) Host has a BM and passes eggs which hatch and are eaten by freshwater crustaceans and develop into procercoids, 3) frog, snake, rodent, or bird eat the crustaceans |
| How are Spirometra eggs found? | sedimentation and flotation |
| What do Spirometra and Diphyllobothrium latum ova look like? | They both are light brown, oval and have an operculum on one end. |
| Ingestion of what animal may infect humans with Alaria?? | frogs!!! raw or improperly cooked!! Yuk!! |
| Is Alaria zoonotic? | duh! Yes. |
| Are Alaria pathogenic in dogs and cats? | nonpathogenic |
| How are Alaria ova found? | sedimentation or fecal flotation |
| Where are Alaria found within the host? | small intestines |
| What are the IH hosts for Alaria? | snails and frogs |
| How are dogs and cats infected with Alaria? | ingestion of frogs |
| Are Alaria ova larger than Ancylostoma caninum? | Heck yes!! huge |
| Is Alaria a nematode, cestode, or trematode? | trematode |
| What is the taxonomy of Paragoniums kellicotti? | trematode |
| Where are Paragonimus kellicotti found within the host? | lung parenchyma |
| What is the first IH for Paragonimus kellicotti? | snail |
| What is the second IH for Paragonimus kellicotti? | crayfish |
| The definitive host, dogs and cats, get infected with Paragonimus kellicotti how? | ingestion of the crayfish |
| What technique should be used to identify Paragonimus kellicotti? | sedimentation or fecal flotation |
| Like Spirometra and Diphyllobothrium latum, Paragonimus kellicotti ova have what???? | operculum |
| How are dogs infected with Heterobilharzia Americana? | skin penetration |
| What is the location in the host of Heterobilharzia Americana? | mesenteric and hepatic portal veins |
| What is the IH for Heterobilharzia Americana? | snail |
| How is Heterobilharzia Americana diagnosed? | sedimentation using only saline |
| Why is it important to only use saline when doing a sedimentation for Heterobilharzia Americana? | the eggs hatch when they contact water so using saline prevents that and you can observe the larvae |
| What is the zoonotic importance of Heterobilharzia Americana? | they cause swimmer's itch in humans |
| what is the scientific name of the Salmon poisoning fluke? | Nanophyetus salmincola--that's a mouth full!! |
| What is another term for trematode? | fluke |
| Where are Nanophyetus salmincola found in the host? | small intestines of dogs and cats |
| What is the first IH for Nanophyetus salmincola? | snail |
| What is the second IH for Nanophyetus salmincola? | salmon--duhhhhhh |
| How do dogs and cats get infected with Nanophyetus salmincola? | ingestion of the dang salmon!!!! duh again!! |
| How are the eggs of Nanophyetus salmincola detected? | sedimentation---remember?? it is a fluke!! They are heavy!! |
| Where are Fasciola hepatica found within the host? | within the gall bladder and bile ducts!!! Where is the gall bladder and bile duct located????? The LIVER!!! WHAT DOES HEPAT/O MEAN???????? LIVER |
| What species do Fasciola hepatica infect? | ruminants |
| What is the common name of Fasciola hepatica???? Break the word down before you answer!!! | Liver fluke-----hepat/o!!!! |
| What animal is the host for Fascioloides magna? | white-tailed deer |
| Where are Fascioloides magna adults found in the host? | liver parenchyma |
| What is the IH for Fascioloides magna? | snail |
| How do deer become infected with Fascioloides magna? | ingestion of vegetation that has the snails in it that are infected |
| Because Fascioloides magna is found in vegetation because snails can go just about anywhere, what other grazing animals may be susceptible to becoming incidental hosts? | cattle or sheep |
| The Lizard Poisoning fluke of cats is also called what? | Platynosomum fastosum |
| Where is Platynosomum fastosum found in cats? | bile ducts |
| What is the first IH for Platynosomum fastosum? | land snail |
| What is the second IH for Platynosomum fastosum? | lizard, lizard, lizard!! |
| How are cats infected with Platynosomum fastosum??? Think!! What do cats like to chase outside and eat???? | ingestion of lizards, lizards, lizards!! |
| You are looking at the whole body of an adult tapeworm. Which end of the tapeworm is the immature end? | closest to scolex-head |
| What are the two pseudotapeworms of animals? | Spirometra and Diphyllobothrium latum |
| What animal is the host for Anoplocephala perfoliata? | horses |
| Where does Anoplocephala perfoliata live within the horse? | small intestine and large intestine and cecum |
| What is the IH for Anoplocephala perfoliata?? | grain mite |
| What fecal procedure is used to diagnose Anoplocephala perfoliata?? | flotation |
| What drugs may be used to eliminate Anoplocephala perfoliata in horses? | praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate and pyrantel tartrate |
| Moniezia species of ruminants are transmitted by what? | ingestion of infective grain mite |
| What shape are the eggs of Moniezia? | square or triangular |
| How are Moniezia diagnosed? | fecal flotation |
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spoitevint
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